Nanobiotechnology

About: Nanobiotechnology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 796 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46309 citations. The topic is also known as: bionanotechnology & nanobiology.

A plant derived multifunctional tool for nanobiotechnology based on Tomato bushy stunt virus

Abstract: Structure, size, physicochemical properties and production strategies make many plant viruses ideal protein based nanoscaffolds, nanocontainers and nano-building blocks expected to deliver a multitude of applications in different fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceutical chemistry, separation science, catalytic chemistry, crop pest control and biomaterials science. Functionalization of viral nanoparticles through modification by design of their external and internal surfaces is essential to fully exploit the potentiality of these objects. In the present paper we describe the development of a plant derived multifunctional tool for nanobiotechnology based on Tomato bushy stunt virus. We demonstrate the ability of this system to remarkably sustain genetic modifications and in vitro chemical derivatizations of its outer surface, which resulted in the successful display of large chimeric peptides fusions and small chemical molecules, respectively. Moreover, we have defined physicochemical conditions for viral swelling and reversible viral pore gating that we have successfully employed for foreign molecules loading and retention in the inner cavity of this plant virus nanoparticles system. Finally, a production and purification strategy from Nicotiana benthamiana plants has been addressed and optimized.

Dipeptide derived from benzylcystine forms unbranched nanotubes in aqueous solution

Abstract: The essence of modern nanotechnology is manifested in the formation of well-ordered nanostructures by a process of self-association. Peptides are among the most useful building blocks for organic bionanostructures such as nanotubes, nanospheres, nanotapes, nanofibrils, and other different ordered structures at the nanoscale. Peptides are biocompatible, chemically diverse, and much more stable and can be readily synthesized on a large scale. Also, they have diverse application in biosensors, tissue engineering, drug delivery, etc. Here, we report a short cystine-based dipeptide, which spontaneously self-associates to form straight, unbranched nanotubes. Such self-assembled nanobiomaterials provide a novel possibility of designing new functional biomaterials with potential applications in nanobiotechnology. The formation of nanotubes in solution state has been demonstrated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Infrared absorption and circular dichroism demonstrated the intermolecular β-sheet-like backbone hydrogen bonding in juxtaposing and stacking of aromatic side chains.

Protein crystal based materials for nanoscale applications in medicine and biotechnology.

Abstract: The porosity, order, biocompatibility, and chirality of protein crystals has motivated interest from diverse research domains including materials science, biotechnology, and medicine. Porous protein crystals have the unusual potential to organize guest molecules within highly ordered scaffolds, enabling applications ranging from biotemplating and catalysis to biosensing and drug delivery. Significant research has therefore been directed toward characterizing protein crystal materials in hopes of optimizing crystallization, scaffold stability, and application efficacy. In this overview article, we describe recent progress in the field of protein crystal materials with special attention given to applications in nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.

Microalgal Nanobiotechnology and Its Applications—A Brief Overview

Abstract: Nanobiotechnology is an emerging science concerned with the integration of biological principles with nanotechnology to improve the strategies for nanoparticles synthesis and applications. Various biological routes have been adopted for the synthesis of nanoparticles such as the use of plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, algae, and metabolites of arthropods. Among these, microalgae have attracted special attention in nanobiotechnology because they are capable of bioremediating toxic metals and subsequently convert them to non-toxic form. Many microalgal species have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles of silver, gold, iron, platinum, and palladium. The mechanism of nanoparticles formation by microalgae is not clearly understood; however, there exists several reports of synthesis either through intracellular or extracellular pathways. Intracellular synthesis of nanoparticles by microalgae seems to be better due to their high rate of metal accumulation and ability to form large amount of nanoparticles, whereas extracellular mode of synthesis is most preferred because of the simplicity in the purification process. This review summarized the modes of metallic nanoparticles synthesis by various species of microalgae and their potential applications.