Nanobiotechnology

About: Nanobiotechnology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 796 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46309 citations. The topic is also known as: bionanotechnology & nanobiology.

Integrative self-assembly of functional hybrid nanoconstructs by inorganic wrapping of single biomolecules, biomolecule arrays and organic supramolecular assemblies

Abstract: Synthesis of functional hybrid nanoscale objects has been a core focus of the rapidly progressing field of nanomaterials science. In particular, there has been significant interest in the integration of evolutionally optimized biological systems such as proteins, DNA, virus particles and cells with functional inorganic building blocks to construct mesoscopic architectures and nanostructured materials. However, in many cases the fragile nature of the biomolecules seriously constrains their potential applications. As a consequence, there is an on-going quest for the development of novel strategies to modulate the thermal and chemical stabilities, and performance of biomolecules under adverse conditions. This feature article highlights new methods of “inorganic molecular wrapping” of single or multiple protein molecules, individual double-stranded DNA helices, lipid bilayer vesicles and self-assembled organic dye superstructures using inorganic building blocks to produce bio-inorganic nanoconstructs with core–shell type structures. We show that spatial isolation of the functional biological nanostructures as “armour-plated” enzyme molecules or polynucleotide strands not only maintains their intact structure and biochemical properties, but also enables the fabrication of novel hybrid nanomaterials for potential applications in diverse areas of bionanotechnology.

Virus-Based Nanoparticles of Simian Virus 40 in the Field of Nanobiotechnology.

Abstract: Biomolecular nanostructures derived from living organisms, such as protein cages, fibers, and layers are drawing increasing interests as natural biomaterials. The virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) of simian virus 40 (SV40), with a cage-like structure assembled from the major capsid protein of SV40, have been developed as a platform for nanobiotechnology in the recent decade. Foreign nanomaterials (e.g., quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)) can be positioned in the inner cavity or on the outer surface of SV40 VNPs, through self-assembly by engineering the nanoparticle (NP)-protein interfacial interactions. Construction of these hybrid nanostructures has enabled integration of different functionalities. This review briefly summarizes the applications of SV40 VNPs in this multidisciplinary field, including NP encapsulation, templated assembly of nanoarchitectures, nanophotonics, and fluorescence imaging.

DNA molecules on GaP (100) surfaces: spectroscopic characterization and biospecificity assessment.

Abstract: DNA-modified surfaces have been the subject of considerable research activity in the field of bionanotechnology. Such surfaces can be incorporated into novel diagnostic devices that utilize sequencing and gene mapping technologies. 3] For example, the use of DNAbased sensors shows promise for rapid, economical and accurate detection of genetic diseases. In such sensor devices it is very important to have a robust and reproducible packing of DNA molecules. Different research groups have explored the absorption of biomolecules and the integration of biological systems on inorganic materials such as gold and silicon. Recently, there has been an interest in extending such studies to III–V semiconductor substrates. Gallium phosphide (GaP) is an attractive semiconductor material due to its usage in charge storage devices and low-noise detection photodiodes. This material offers promise for the fabrication of novel biosensors. Our previous work demonstrated that GaP ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(100) remains stable after surface functionalization with well-parked adlayers and high molecular coverages. Herein, we describe the covalent functionalization and characterization of H-doped GaP ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(100) with modified DNA strands. We demonstrate that photochemical functionalization with undecylenic acid (UDA) can modify GaP substrates and that the terminal carboxylic acid groups can be used for the successful immobilzation of biomolecules (Scheme 1). In our approach, we control the orientation of modified DNAs by reacting the carboxylic acid-terminated GaP ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(100) surfaces with a mixture of amine-terminated ssDNA and a spacer, hexylamine (HA). We also confirm the bioactivity of biotin-modified DNA by the use of streptavidin-modified nanoparticles and Cy3-labeled streptavidin. The following techniques are used to complete the physical characterization of the surfaces: water contact angle (WCA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared reflectance absorbance spectroscopy (FT–IRRAS). Prior to any spectroscopic analysis each modified surface is evaluated using WCA and AFM. The data, summarized in the Supporting Information, follows the expected hydrophicilicity trend due to the nature of the end groups. In addition, no major changes in roughness are observed after each treatment. Initial spectroscopic analysis of the modified surfaces by FT–IRRAS spectroscopy provides us with information about the adsorbates’ orientation on the GaP surface. The FT–IRRAS vibrations for H-doped, Br-modified DNA/HA, biotin-modified DNA/HA and biotin-modified DNA/HA/streptavidin nanoparticles GaP ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(100) steps are shown in Figure 1. We place a Br-label at the 5’ end of the DNA so that we can use it as a way to prove that molecules are on the surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FT–IRRAS spectrum of H-doped GaP ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(100) does not show any peaks in the low and high frequency regions, as one would expect to be the case immedi[a] Dr. R. Flores-Perez, Prof. A. Ivanisevic Department of Chemistry Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA) Fax: (+1)7654961459 E-mail : albena@purdue.edu [b] Dr. D. Y. Zemlyanov Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA) Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200800166. Scheme 1. Surface coupling chemistry used to modify GaP with DNA molecules.

Enhanced Competition at the Nano–Bio Interface Enables Comprehensive Characterization of Protein Corona Dynamics and Deep Coverage of Proteomes

Abstract: Introducing engineered nanoparticles (NPs) into a biofluid such as blood plasma leads to the formation of a selective and reproducible protein corona at the particle–protein interface, driven by the relationship between protein–NP affinity and protein abundance. This enables scalable systems that leverage protein–nano interactions to overcome current limitations of deep plasma proteomics in large cohorts. Here the importance of the protein to NP‐surface ratio (P/NP) is demonstrated and protein corona formation dynamics are modeled, which determine the competition between proteins for binding. Tuning the P/NP ratio significantly modulates the protein corona composition, enhancing depth and precision of a fully automated NP‐based deep proteomic workflow (Proteograph). By increasing the binding competition on engineered NPs, 1.2–1.7× more proteins with 1% false discovery rate are identified on the surface of each NP, and up to 3× more proteins compared to a standard plasma proteomics workflow. Moreover, the data suggest P/NP plays a significant role in determining the in vivo fate of nanomaterials in biomedical applications. Together, the study showcases the importance of P/NP as a key design element for biomaterials and nanomedicine in vivo and as a powerful tuning strategy for accurate, large‐scale NP‐based deep proteomic studies.

Nanobiotechnology for Breast Cancer Treatment

Abstract: Despite many technological breakthroughs, even the best breast cancer treatments available today are not 100% effective. Chemotherapy has improved, but many drugs still do not reach the tumor site at effective doses and are often associated with high systemic toxicity and poor pharmacokinetics. Moreover, for many malignancies, diagnosis is obtainable only in metastatic stages of development, reducing the overall effectiveness of treatment. The choice of available treatments depends on tumor characteristics such as biomarkers, tumor size, metastatic disease, ligands, and antigen or endocrine receptor expression. Combined with surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation remain the first line of treatment for patients with cancer. Even with these treatments, however, cancer continues to have high fatality rates and current therapeutic modalities have yet to significantly improve the often dismal prognosis of this disease. Nanotechnology is a highly focused approach, which may provide more effective and less toxic treatment when compared to chemotherapy. This area of research has emerged as cancer treatment in the form of new drugs and has reached promising results in preclinical and clinical trials proving its value as a potential tumor therapy.