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Showing papers on "Nanocomposite published in 2020"


DOI
Claudia Backes1, Claudia Backes2, Amr M. Abdelkader3, Concepción Alonso4, Amandine Andrieux-Ledier5, Raul Arenal6, Raul Arenal7, Jon Azpeitia6, Nilanthy Balakrishnan8, Luca Banszerus9, Julien Barjon5, Ruben Bartali10, Sebastiano Bellani11, Claire Berger12, Claire Berger13, Reinhard Berger14, M.M. Bernal Ortega15, Carlo Bernard16, Peter H. Beton8, André Beyer17, Alberto Bianco18, Peter Bøggild19, Francesco Bonaccorso11, Gabriela Borin Barin20, Cristina Botas, Rebeca A. Bueno6, Daniel Carriazo21, Andres Castellanos-Gomez6, Meganne Christian, Artur Ciesielski18, Tymoteusz Ciuk, Matthew T. Cole, Jonathan N. Coleman2, Camilla Coletti11, Luigi Crema10, Huanyao Cun16, Daniela Dasler22, Domenico De Fazio3, Noel Díez, Simon Drieschner23, Georg S. Duesberg24, Roman Fasel20, Roman Fasel25, Xinliang Feng14, Alberto Fina15, Stiven Forti11, Costas Galiotis26, Costas Galiotis27, Giovanni Garberoglio28, Jorge M. Garcia6, Jose A. Garrido, Marco Gibertini29, Armin Gölzhäuser17, Julio Gómez, Thomas Greber16, Frank Hauke22, Adrian Hemmi16, Irene Hernández-Rodríguez6, Andreas Hirsch22, Stephen A. Hodge3, Yves Huttel6, Peter Uhd Jepsen19, I. Jimenez6, Ute Kaiser30, Tommi Kaplas31, HoKwon Kim29, Andras Kis29, Konstantinos Papagelis32, Konstantinos Papagelis26, Kostas Kostarelos33, Aleksandra Krajewska34, Kangho Lee24, Changfeng Li35, Harri Lipsanen35, Andrea Liscio, Martin R. Lohe14, Annick Loiseau5, Lucia Lombardi3, María Francisca López6, Oliver Martin22, Cristina Martín36, Lidia Martínez6, José A. Martín-Gago6, José I. Martínez6, Nicola Marzari29, Alvaro Mayoral7, Alvaro Mayoral37, John B. McManus2, Manuela Melucci, Javier Méndez6, Cesar Merino, Pablo Merino6, Andreas Meyer22, Elisa Miniussi16, Vaidotas Miseikis11, Neeraj Mishra11, Vittorio Morandi, Carmen Munuera6, Roberto Muñoz6, Hugo Nolan2, Luca Ortolani, A. K. Ott3, A. K. Ott38, Irene Palacio6, Vincenzo Palermo39, John Parthenios26, Iwona Pasternak40, Amalia Patanè8, Maurizio Prato41, Maurizio Prato21, Henri Prevost5, Vladimir Prudkovskiy13, Nicola M. Pugno42, Nicola M. Pugno43, Nicola M. Pugno44, Teófilo Rojo45, Antonio Rossi11, Pascal Ruffieux20, Paolo Samorì18, Léonard Schué5, Eki J. Setijadi10, Thomas Seyller46, Giorgio Speranza10, Christoph Stampfer9, I. Stenger5, Wlodek Strupinski40, Yuri Svirko31, Simone Taioli47, Simone Taioli28, Kenneth B. K. Teo, Matteo Testi10, Flavia Tomarchio3, Mauro Tortello15, Emanuele Treossi, Andrey Turchanin48, Ester Vázquez36, Elvira Villaro, Patrick Rebsdorf Whelan19, Zhenyuan Xia39, Rositza Yakimova, Sheng Yang14, G. Reza Yazdi, Chanyoung Yim24, Duhee Yoon3, Xianghui Zhang17, Xiaodong Zhuang14, Luigi Colombo49, Andrea C. Ferrari3, Mar García-Hernández6 
Heidelberg University1, Trinity College, Dublin2, University of Cambridge3, Autonomous University of Madrid4, Université Paris-Saclay5, Spanish National Research Council6, University of Zaragoza7, University of Nottingham8, RWTH Aachen University9, Kessler Foundation10, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia11, Georgia Institute of Technology12, University of Grenoble13, Dresden University of Technology14, Polytechnic University of Turin15, University of Zurich16, Bielefeld University17, University of Strasbourg18, Technical University of Denmark19, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology20, Ikerbasque21, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg22, Technische Universität München23, Bundeswehr University Munich24, University of Bern25, Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas26, University of Patras27, Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami28, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne29, University of Ulm30, University of Eastern Finland31, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki32, University of Manchester33, Polish Academy of Sciences34, Aalto University35, University of Castilla–La Mancha36, ShanghaiTech University37, University of Exeter38, Chalmers University of Technology39, Warsaw University of Technology40, University of Trieste41, Instituto Politécnico Nacional42, Queen Mary University of London43, University of Trento44, University of the Basque Country45, Chemnitz University of Technology46, Charles University in Prague47, University of Jena48, University of Texas at Dallas49
29 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the main techniques for production and processing of graphene and related materials (GRMs), as well as the key characterization procedures, adopting a 'hands-on' approach, providing practical details and procedures as derived from literature and from the authors' experience, in order to enable the reader to reproduce the results.
Abstract: © 2020 The Author(s). We present an overview of the main techniques for production and processing of graphene and related materials (GRMs), as well as the key characterization procedures. We adopt a 'hands-on' approach, providing practical details and procedures as derived from literature as well as from the authors' experience, in order to enable the reader to reproduce the results. Section I is devoted to 'bottom up' approaches, whereby individual constituents are pieced together into more complex structures. We consider graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) produced either by solution processing or by on-surface synthesis in ultra high vacuum (UHV), as well carbon nanomembranes (CNM). Production of a variety of GNRs with tailored band gaps and edge shapes is now possible. CNMs can be tuned in terms of porosity, crystallinity and electronic behaviour. Section II covers 'top down' techniques. These rely on breaking down of a layered precursor, in the graphene case usually natural crystals like graphite or artificially synthesized materials, such as highly oriented pyrolythic graphite, monolayers or few layers (FL) flakes. The main focus of this section is on various exfoliation techniques in a liquid media, either intercalation or liquid phase exfoliation (LPE). The choice of precursor, exfoliation method, medium as well as the control of parameters such as time or temperature are crucial. A definite choice of parameters and conditions yields a particular material with specific properties that makes it more suitable for a targeted application. We cover protocols for the graphitic precursors to graphene oxide (GO). This is an important material for a range of applications in biomedicine, energy storage, nanocomposites, etc. Hummers' and modified Hummers' methods are used to make GO that subsequently can be reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with a variety of strategies. GO flakes are also employed to prepare three-dimensional (3d) low density structures, such as sponges, foams, hydro- or aerogels. The assembly of flakes into 3d structures can provide improved mechanical properties. Aerogels with a highly open structure, with interconnected hierarchical pores, can enhance the accessibility to the whole surface area, as relevant for a number of applications, such as energy storage. The main recipes to yield graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are also discussed. GICs are suitable precursors for covalent functionalization of graphene, but can also be used for the synthesis of uncharged graphene in solution. Degradation of the molecules intercalated in GICs can be triggered by high temperature treatment or microwave irradiation, creating a gas pressure surge in graphite and exfoliation. Electrochemical exfoliation by applying a voltage in an electrolyte to a graphite electrode can be tuned by varying precursors, electrolytes and potential. Graphite electrodes can be either negatively or positively intercalated to obtain GICs that are subsequently exfoliated. We also discuss the materials that can be amenable to exfoliation, by employing a theoretical data-mining approach. The exfoliation of LMs usually results in a heterogeneous dispersion of flakes with different lateral size and thickness. This is a critical bottleneck for applications, and hinders the full exploitation of GRMs produced by solution processing. The establishment of procedures to control the morphological properties of exfoliated GRMs, which also need to be industrially scalable, is one of the key needs. Section III deals with the processing of flakes. (Ultra)centrifugation techniques have thus far been the most investigated to sort GRMs following ultrasonication, shear mixing, ball milling, microfluidization, and wet-jet milling. It allows sorting by size and thickness. Inks formulated from GRM dispersions can be printed using a number of processes, from inkjet to screen printing. Each technique has specific rheological requirements, as well as geometrical constraints. The solvent choice is critical, not only for the GRM stability, but also in terms of optimizing printing on different substrates, such as glass, Si, plastic, paper, etc, all with different surface energies. Chemical modifications of such substrates is also a key step. Sections IV-VII are devoted to the growth of GRMs on various substrates and their processing after growth to place them on the surface of choice for specific applications. The substrate for graphene growth is a key determinant of the nature and quality of the resultant film. The lattice mismatch between graphene and substrate influences the resulting crystallinity. Growth on insulators, such as SiO2, typically results in films with small crystallites, whereas growth on the close-packed surfaces of metals yields highly crystalline films. Section IV outlines the growth of graphene on SiC substrates. This satisfies the requirements for electronic applications, with well-defined graphene-substrate interface, low trapped impurities and no need for transfer. It also allows graphene structures and devices to be measured directly on the growth substrate. The flatness of the substrate results in graphene with minimal strain and ripples on large areas, allowing spectroscopies and surface science to be performed. We also discuss the surface engineering by intercalation of the resulting graphene, its integration with Si-wafers and the production of nanostructures with the desired shape, with no need for patterning. Section V deals with chemical vapour deposition (CVD) onto various transition metals and on insulators. Growth on Ni results in graphitized polycrystalline films. While the thickness of these films can be optimized by controlling the deposition parameters, such as the type of hydrocarbon precursor and temperature, it is difficult to attain single layer graphene (SLG) across large areas, owing to the simultaneous nucleation/growth and solution/precipitation mechanisms. The differing characteristics of polycrystalline Ni films facilitate the growth of graphitic layers at different rates, resulting in regions with differing numbers of graphitic layers. High-quality films can be grown on Cu. Cu is available in a variety of shapes and forms, such as foils, bulks, foams, thin films on other materials and powders, making it attractive for industrial production of large area graphene films. The push to use CVD graphene in applications has also triggered a research line for the direct growth on insulators. The quality of the resulting films is lower than possible to date on metals, but enough, in terms of transmittance and resistivity, for many applications as described in section V. Transfer technologies are the focus of section VI. CVD synthesis of graphene on metals and bottom up molecular approaches require SLG to be transferred to the final target substrates. To have technological impact, the advances in production of high-quality large-area CVD graphene must be commensurate with those on transfer and placement on the final substrates. This is a prerequisite for most applications, such as touch panels, anticorrosion coatings, transparent electrodes and gas sensors etc. New strategies have improved the transferred graphene quality, making CVD graphene a feasible option for CMOS foundries. Methods based on complete etching of the metal substrate in suitable etchants, typically iron chloride, ammonium persulfate, or hydrogen chloride although reliable, are time- and resourceconsuming, with damage to graphene and production of metal and etchant residues. Electrochemical delamination in a low-concentration aqueous solution is an alternative. In this case metallic substrates can be reused. Dry transfer is less detrimental for the SLG quality, enabling a deterministic transfer. There is a large range of layered materials (LMs) beyond graphite. Only few of them have been already exfoliated and fully characterized. Section VII deals with the growth of some of these materials. Amongst them, h-BN, transition metal tri- and di-chalcogenides are of paramount importance. The growth of h-BN is at present considered essential for the development of graphene in (opto) electronic applications, as h-BN is ideal as capping layer or substrate. The interesting optical and electronic properties of TMDs also require the development of scalable methods for their production. Large scale growth using chemical/physical vapour deposition or thermal assisted conversion has been thus far limited to a small set, such as h-BN or some TMDs. Heterostructures could also be directly grown.

330 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of a few polymeric nanocomposite biomaterials which are potential candidates for bone tissue regeneration, sculptured around a case by case basis of current research that is being undertaken in the field of bone regeneration engineering.

311 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Oct 2020-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a novel lightweight electromagnetic wave absorption material with the combination of hollow structure and bimetallic constituents by the thermal decomposition of metal−organic framework (MOF) ZIF-67 was designed and prepared.

247 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
08 Apr 2020-Nature
TL;DR: This paper presents a strategy to produce nanocomposites with highly ordered layered structures using shear-flow-induced alignment of two-dimensional nanosheets at an immiscible hydrogel/oil interface, and considers that it could be applied to a wide range of structural composites and lead to the development of high-performance composites.
Abstract: Biological materials, such as bones, teeth and mollusc shells, are well known for their excellent strength, modulus and toughness1–3. Such properties are attributed to the elaborate layered microstructure of inorganic reinforcing nanofillers, especially two-dimensional nanosheets or nanoplatelets, within a ductile organic matrix4–6. Inspired by these biological structures, several assembly strategies—including layer-by-layer4,7,8, casting9,10, vacuum filtration11–13 and use of magnetic fields14,15—have been used to develop layered nanocomposites. However, how to produce ultrastrong layered nanocomposites in a universal, viable and scalable manner remains an open issue. Here we present a strategy to produce nanocomposites with highly ordered layered structures using shear-flow-induced alignment of two-dimensional nanosheets at an immiscible hydrogel/oil interface. For example, nanocomposites based on nanosheets of graphene oxide and clay exhibit a tensile strength of up to 1,215 ± 80 megapascals and a Young’s modulus of 198.8 ± 6.5 gigapascals, which are 9.0 and 2.8 times higher, respectively, than those of natural nacre (mother of pearl). When nanosheets of clay are used, the toughness of the resulting nanocomposite can reach 36.7 ± 3.0 megajoules per cubic metre, which is 20.4 times higher than that of natural nacre; meanwhile, the tensile strength is 1,195 ± 60 megapascals. Quantitative analysis indicates that the well aligned nanosheets form a critical interphase, and this results in the observed mechanical properties. We consider that our strategy, which could be readily extended to align a variety of two-dimensional nanofillers, could be applied to a wide range of structural composites and lead to the development of high-performance composites. Layered nanocomposites fabricated using a continuous and scalable process achieve properties exceeding those of natural nacre, the result of stiffened matrix polymer chains confined between highly aligned nanosheets.

226 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the preparation of a multifunctional nanohybrid, Ti3C2Tx@MCA, by engineering the surface of titanium carbide nanosheets with melamine cyanurate (MCA) via hydrogen bonding interactions.

212 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that all-organic composites containing high-electron-affinity molecular semiconductors exhibit excellent capacitive performance at 200 °C, which is crucially important for their successful commercialization and practical application in high-temperature electronics and energy storage devices.
Abstract: Dielectric polymers for electrostatic energy storage suffer from low energy density and poor efficiency at elevated temperatures, which constrains their use in the harsh-environment electronic devices, circuits, and systems. Although incorporating insulating, inorganic nanostructures into dielectric polymers promotes the temperature capability, scalable fabrication of high-quality nanocomposite films remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report an all-organic composite comprising dielectric polymers blended with high-electron-affinity molecular semiconductors that exhibits concurrent high energy density (3.0 J cm−3) and high discharge efficiency (90%) up to 200 °C, far outperforming the existing dielectric polymers and polymer nanocomposites. We demonstrate that molecular semiconductors immobilize free electrons via strong electrostatic attraction and impede electric charge injection and transport in dielectric polymers, which leads to the substantial performance improvements. The all-organic composites can be fabricated into large-area and high-quality films with uniform dielectric and capacitive performance, which is crucially important for their successful commercialization and practical application in high-temperature electronics and energy storage devices. Dielectric polymers are widely used in electrostatic energy storage but suffer from low energy density and efficiency at elevated temperatures. Here, the authors show that all-organic composites containing high-electron-affinity molecular semiconductors exhibit excellent capacitive performance at 200 °C.

191 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the polydopamine modified barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) nanoparticles have been anchored onto the surface of electrospun poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) fibers to fabricate hierarchical micro-structured membrane, which not only effectively avoids the agglomeration of nanofillers but also enhances the density of interfaces in the nanocomposites.

187 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of research progresses of nanocomposite hydrogel-based strain and pressure sensors including designing strategies, preparing methods and applications of the five nanofiller-based sensors.
Abstract: Recently, flexible and wearable electronics have gained considerable research interest due to their potential applications in wearable devices, energy storage materials, electronic skins, sensors, etc. Compared to elastomers, hydrogels demonstrate more potential for flexible electronics because of their biomimetic structures, suitable mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Among all the designs, nanocomposite hydrogel-based strain and pressure sensors which can transmit external stimulus to electrical signals have been intensely investigated due to their high mechanical strength, considerable conductivity and outstanding sensitivity. Numerous reports have been dedicated to the designs, preparations and applications of nanocomposite hydrogels. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of research progresses of nanocomposite hydrogel-based strain and pressure sensors including designing strategies, preparing methods and applications of the five nanofiller based hydrogel sensors including carbon nanotube based, graphene oxide based, MXene based, polymer nanofiller based and other nanofiller based sensors. Representative cases are carefully selected and discussed regarding the fabrication, merits and demerits, respectively. Finally, perspectives and challenges are presented for the designs of future nanocomposite hydrogel-based strain and pressure sensors.

176 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2020-Talanta
TL;DR: This review summarizes the synthesis of gold (Au) and Au-based nanomaterials and their recent advances of application in electrochemical small-molecule sensors, DNA sensors and immunosensors and their analytical performance were discussed.

173 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, ternary oxide NiO-CdO-ZnO nanocomposite along with pure NiO, CdO and ZnO were prepared by the homogeneous co-precipitation method.

165 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the properties of conjugated polymers and focus on recent developments in polymer/carbon nanofillers (e.g., CNT, graphene, GO) composites and polymer/inorganic TE nanoparticles composites along with preparation methods and thermoelectric performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development of non-cobalt-based heterogeneous catalysts with efficient catalytic activity, good stability and nontoxicity is very important for the application of peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in water treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, high-porous SnO2-CuO hollow nanofiber mats were synthesized by electrospinning combined with thermal processing for high performance H2S gas sensing applications.
Abstract: Highly porous SnO2-CuO hollow nanofiber mats were synthesized by electrospinning combined with thermal processing for high performance H2S gas sensing applications. The porous morphology generated in the one-dimensional (1-D) nanocomposite led to an improvement in surface-to-adsorbate molecule interactions. Our novel concept lies in fabrication of SnO2-CuO with a 1-D highly porous structure by electrospinning coupled with generation of hollow nanostructures drawing on nanofiber-to-nanotube transformation affected by Kirkendall effect during thermal processing. The fibrous structure was synthesized by electrospinning with mixed solution of Sn and Cu precursors, which then underwent heat treatment under various temperature conditions. The hollow structures were generated based on the different diffusion rates between SnO2-CuO and Sn/Cu. The SnO2-CuO nanotubes have low operating temperatures and high H2S sensing performance. The increased surface area for detecting H2S resulted in great enhancement of the response (Ra/Rg = 1395) and a very fast response time of 5.27 s with a stable recovery time to a low concentration of H2S to 5 ppm at 200 °C. The porous SnO2-CuO hollow nanofiber gas sensor proved to be a promising candidate for gas sensor systems due to increased surface area with metal oxide catalyst. The mechanisms involved in enhancement of gas response and extended applications are also discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a P(VDF-HFP)-based nanocomposite by a simple and practical mechanical method based on a combination of solid phase reaction and sieving to prepare 0.88BaTiO3-0.12Bi(Li 0.5Nb0.5)O3 nanoparticles.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a poultry hen egg shell powder (ESP) with in situ generated silver nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and antibacterial tests.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were in situ generated in poultry hen egg shell powder (ESP) by one step thermal assisted method using the inherently present collagen as a reducing agent. The nanocomposite egg shell powder (NCESP) with in situ generated silver nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and antibacterial tests. The prepared NCESP had the spherical AgNPs in the size range of 50Ƀ120 nm with most of them from 81 nm to 90 nm. Further, the average size of the AgNPs generated in the NCESP was 88 nm. The X-ray analysis indicated the presence of both AgNPs and AgO nanoparticles (AgONPs) in the NCESP. The possible mechanism of generation of AgNPs and AgONPs in the NCESP was also proposed. The thermal stability of the NCESP was found to be higher than that of the ESP. The NCESP exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against both the Gram negative and positive bacteria. The NCESP made from poultry waste ESP can be utilized as a low-cost antibacterial cleaning powder for house ware and also as low-cost antibacterial filler in polymer matrices to make antibacterial hybrid nanocomposites.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Ni-CoP@C@CNT nanocomposite was synthesized, in which Ni-doped CoP (NiCoP) were embedded in amorphous carbon matrix and then anchored on the surface of CNTs as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review will discuss the influence of the polymer nanostructure, architecture, functional groups, specific properties, etc, on the formation of metal or metal oxide NPs and the catalytic behavior of the nanocomposites.
Abstract: Nanoparticle (NP)/polymer nanocomposites received considerable attention because of their important applications including catalysis. Metal and metal oxide NPs may impart catalytic properties to polymer nanocomposites, while polymers with a different structure, functionality, and architecture control the NP formation (size, shape, location, composition, etc.) and in this way, govern catalytic properties of nanocomposites. In this review we will discuss the influence of the polymer nanostructure (thin or grafted layers, polymer ordering, polymer nanopores), architecture (branched vs linear), functional groups (coordinating or ionic), specific properties (reducing, stimuli responsive, conductive), etc. on the formation of metal or metal oxide NPs and the catalytic behavior of the nanocomposites. The development of novel and efficient catalysts is crucial for progress in chemical sciences, and this explains a huge number of publications in this area in recent years. Taking into consideration previous review articles on NP/polymer catalysts, we limited this review to a discussion of a narrow temporal scope (2017-April 2019), while embracing a broad subject scope, i.e., considering any polymers and NPs which form catalytic nanocomposites. This gives us a unique view of the field of catalytic polymer nanocomposites and allows understanding of where the field is going.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors classified and summarized the related studies on high energy density Barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride-based nanocomposite films and provided an outlook for future development and the problems to be solved.
Abstract: With the problems of resource consumption and environmental harm, increasing attention has been paid to the conversion and storage of energy. The development of flexible nanodielectric materials with high energy density is one of the most active academic research directions in the field of functional materials and has important practical significance. Barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride- (BT/PVDF-) based nanocomposite film possesses excellent physicochemical properties and electrical properties, is a type of composite material with excellent energy density and has great application potential. In this paper, related studies on high energy density BT/PVDF-based nanocomposite films are classified and summarized. The possible mechanisms for the enhancement in energy density of BT/PVDF-based nanocomposite films under different strategies are discussed. This expected result of this paper is explaining the mechanisms of the increase in energy density of BT/PVDF-based nanocomposites and providing a new idea for the development of BT/PVDF-based nanocomposites with higher energy density. Finally, BT/PVDF-based nanocomposite for energy storage films are summarized, providing an outlook for future development and the problems to be solved. It is believed that future research may be directed toward optimizing raw materials, multiphase doping, three dimensional modulation, and optimization of process, of which three dimensional modulation will become the focus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that nanoparticle shape is a critical consideration in the determination of nanocomposite hydrogel properties, and poly( L -lactide)-based nanoparticles with platelet morphology as an adhesive results in a significant enhancement of adhesion over nanoparticle glues comprised of spherical or cylindrical micelles.
Abstract: The ability to control nanostructure shape and dimensions presents opportunities to design materials in which their macroscopic properties are dependent upon the nature of the nanoparticle. Although particle morphology has been recognized as a crucial parameter, the exploitation of the potential shape-dependent properties has, to date, been limited. Herein, we demonstrate that nanoparticle shape is a critical consideration in the determination of nanocomposite hydrogel properties. Using translationally relevant calcium-alginate hydrogels, we show that the use of poly(L-lactide)-based nanoparticles with platelet morphology as an adhesive results in a significant enhancement of adhesion over nanoparticle glues comprised of spherical or cylindrical micelles. Furthermore, gel nanocomposites containing platelets showed an enhanced resistance to breaking under strain compared to their spherical and cylindrical counterparts. This study opens the doors to a change in direction in the field of gel nanocomposites, where nanoparticle shape plays an important role in tuning mechanical properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine conventional activated carbon and carbon black with carbon nanomaterials (i.e., carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers) to develop a new class of nanocomposite electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A thin film nanocomposite membrane was prepared through deposition of a very thin mixed matrix layer of PEBAX®1657/chitosan-wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CWNTs) on an ultraporous polyethersulfone (PES) substrate and the slight flux decline of the membranes during 5 h indicated the improved antifouling properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a facile hydrothermal route was developed to prepare a series of novel UiO-66/CdIn2S4 heterojunction nanocomposite materials.
Abstract: Construction of porous heterostructure photocatalyst material with improved surface and optoelectrical properties is a practical and effective strategy for mineralization of toxic organic pollutants and water splitting reaction under visible light irradiation. Herein, we have developed a facile hydrothermal route to prepare a series of novel UiO-66/CdIn2S4 heterojunction nanocomposite materials containing finely dispersed UiO-66 spherical nanoparticles (20−40 nm) anchored over high aspect ratio CdIn2S4 nanosheets. Comprehensive characterization of the UiO-66/CdIn2S4 nanocomposites revealed a hierarchical 3D microflower structure with enhanced surface reactive sites, better channelization of charge carriers, high resistance to charge recombination and a favorable band alignment between the two semiconductor components. The optimal photocatalyst (30UiO-66/CdIn2S4) showed improved photocatalytic efficiency towards triclosan degradation with rate constant (0.0094 min−1) twelve times higher than the pure CdIn2S4 (0.0007 min−1). The 30UiO-66/CdIn2S4 photocatalyst also exhibited higher H2 evolution rate (2.95 mmolg−1 h−1) with apparent conversion efficiency of 20.8 %.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: TEM analysis indicates that Cu NPs with average sizes in 5-10 nm range is formed on magnetic chitosan with the spherical morphology, which indicates that easy separation by external magnetic field, mild reaction conditions, low cost and the reusability are some of the beneficial features of this catalyst.

Journal ArticleDOI
Shan Gao1, Shu-Hao Yang1, Hui-Ya Wang1, Guang-Sheng Wang1, Peng-Gang Yin1 
01 Jun 2020-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional carbon-based composite material loaded with magnetic nanoparticles Fe3C (CN-Fe3C) was successfully designed and prepared to ensure the dielectric loss and magnetic loss effect occur simultaneously.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, electrical conductivity measurements and modeling aspects of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites enabled via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing are presented.
Abstract: We present electrical conductivity measurements and modeling aspects of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites enabled via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). CNT/polylactic acid (PLA) and CNT/high density polyethylene (HDPE) filament feedstocks were synthesized through melt blending with controlled CNT loading to realize 3D printed polymer nanocomposites. Electrical conductivity of 3D printed CNT/PLA and CNT/HDPE composites was measured for various CNT loadings. Low percolation thresholds were obtained from measured data as 0.23 vol. % and 0.18 vol. % of CNTs for CNT/PLA and CNT/HDPE nanocomposites, respectively. Moreover, a micromechanics-based two-parameter agglomeration model was developed to predict the electrical conductivity of CNT/polymer composites. We further show that the two agglomeration parameters can also be used to describe segregated structures, wherein nanofillers are constrained to certain locations within the matrix. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever electrical conductivity model to account for segregation of CNTs in the matrix. A good agreement between measured conductivity and predictions demonstrates the adequacy of the proposed model. We further evince the robustness of the model by accurately capturing the conductivity measurements reported in the literature for both elastomeric and thermoplastic nanocomposites. The findings of the study would provide guidelines for the design of electro-conductive polymer nanocomposites.

Journal ArticleDOI
Sanwei Hao1, Changyou Shao1, Lei Meng1, Chen Cui1, Feng Xu1, Jun Yang1 
TL;DR: This work synthesized a versatile poly(acrylamide) @cellulose nanocrystal/tannic acid-silver nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel integrated with excellent stretchability, repeatable self-adhesion, high strain sensitivity, and antibacterial property, which was synthesized via radical polymerization within 30 s at ambient temperature.
Abstract: The application of conductive hydrogels in intelligent biomimetic electronics is a hot topic in recent years, but it is still a great challenge to develop the conductive hydrogels through a rapid fabrication process at ambient temperature. In this work, a versatile poly(acrylamide) @cellulose nanocrystal/tannic acid-silver nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel integrated with excellent stretchability, repeatable self-adhesion, high strain sensitivity, and antibacterial property, was synthesized via radical polymerization within 30 s at ambient temperature. Notably, this rapid polymerization was realized through a tannic acid-silver (TA-Ag) mediated dynamic catalysis system that was capable of activating ammonium persulfate and then initiated the free-radical polymerization of the acrylamide monomer. Benefiting from the incorporation of TA-Ag metal ion nanocomplexes and cellulose nanocrystals, which acted as dynamic connecting bridges by hydrogen bonds to efficiently dissipate energy, the obtained NC hydrogels exhibited prominent tensile strain (up to 4000%), flexibility, self-recovery, and antifatigue properties. In addition, the hydrogels showed repeatable adhesiveness to different substrates (e.g., glass, wood, bone, metal, and skin) and significant antibacterial properties, which were merits for the hydrogels to be assembled into a flexible epidermal sensor for long-term human-machine interfacial contact without concerns about the use of external adhesive tapes and bacterial breeding. Moreover, the remarkable conductivity (σ ∼ 5.6 ms cm-1) and strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 1.02) allowed the flexible epidermal sensors to monitor various human motions in real time, including huge movement of deformations (e.g., wrist, elbow, neck, shoulder) and subtle motions. It is envisioned that this work would provide a promising strategy for the rapid preparation of conductive hydrogels in the application of flexible electronic skin, biomedical devices, and soft robotics.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesized carbon-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and their nanocomposite with reduced graphene oxide (C@Co3O4/r-GO) via chemical and ultrasonication techniques.

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TL;DR: In this paper, polybenzimidazoleamide (PBI), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) nanocomposite membranes were developed via the common blade coating and phase inversion technique for the treatment of produced water from the oil and gas industry.

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TL;DR: In this article, the interface modulation of a polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-mah) nanocomposite was proposed to reduce the volume and weight of the capacitors and to eliminate the auxiliary cooling systems applied in the harsh environment.

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26 Feb 2020-Polymers
TL;DR: The carbon-polymer nanocomposites assist in overcoming the difficulties arising in achieving the high performance of polymeric compounds and deliver high-performance composites that can be used in electrochemical energy storage devices.
Abstract: In recent years, numerous discoveries and investigations have been remarked for the development of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites. Carbon-based materials and their composites hold encouraging employment in a broad array of fields, for example, energy storage devices, fuel cells, membranes sensors, actuators, and electromagnetic shielding. Carbon and its derivatives exhibit some remarkable features such as high conductivity, high surface area, excellent chemical endurance, and good mechanical durability. On the other hand, characteristics such as docility, lower price, and high environmental resistance are some of the unique properties of conducting polymers (CPs). To enhance the properties and performance, polymeric electrode materials can be modified suitably by metal oxides and carbon materials resulting in a composite that helps in the collection and accumulation of charges due to large surface area. The carbon-polymer nanocomposites assist in overcoming the difficulties arising in achieving the high performance of polymeric compounds and deliver high-performance composites that can be used in electrochemical energy storage devices. Carbon-based polymer nanocomposites have both advantages and disadvantages, so in this review, attempts are made to understand their synergistic behavior and resulting performance. The three electrochemical energy storage systems and the type of electrode materials used for them have been studied here in this article and some aspects for example morphology, exterior area, temperature, and approaches have been observed to influence the activity of electrochemical methods. This review article evaluates and compiles reported data to present a significant and extensive summary of the state of the art.