Topic
Nanofluid
About: Nanofluid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23986 publications have been published within this topic receiving 677384 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a two-phase mixture model was used to investigate the effects of nanoparticles mean diameter on the flow parameters and the calculated results demonstrate that the convection heat transfer coefficient significantly increases with decreasing the nanoparticles means diameter, however it does not significantly change the hydrodynamics parameters.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Galerkin finite element method has been employed to solve momentum and energy balance as well as post processing streamfunctions and heatfunctions in the presence of hot and cold side walls.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the synthesis method used by the researchers to develop hybrid nanofluids and their thermal conductivity, challenges and future direction of this field are discussed.
Abstract: Most of the researches on nanofluids conducted since the past decade focused on the single type particle based nanofluids. The characteristics of this type of nanofluid are well defined and explored. The advancement in nanomaterial has enabled the production of hybrid nanoparticles (nanocomposites) and recently, there are noticeable amount of researchers investigated on the characteristic of hybrid nanofluids. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore the synthesis method used by the researchers to develop hybrid nanofluids. Apart from that, hybrid nanofluid's thermal conductivity, challenges and future direction of this field are discussed. Based on the review, it is found that carbon nanotube is often combined with other material to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles. Hybrid nanofluids exhibit improved thermal conductivity characteristic. However, challenges such as hybrid nanofluids stability, selection of proper hybrid nanoparticles and its complex fabrication process and limited thermal conductivity model for hybrid nanofluids need to be addressed first. Better knowledge and understanding on these area are required in order to develop hybrid nanofluid which is not only provide enhanced thermal conductivity but also stable and does not require complicated synthesis process.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the thermophysical properties of water-based nanofluids and showed an increase in electrical conductivity and viscosity with the addition of nanoparticles.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, experimental studies considering the particle size effect on the viscosity of the nanofluid have been reviewed, and the results indicate that there is a discrepancy about the effect of particle size on the viscous properties of the nanoparticles.
Abstract: Nanofluids are potential new generation heat transfer fluids, which have been investigated meticulously, in recent years. Thermophysical properties of these fluids have significant influence on their heat transfer characteristics. Viscosity is one of the most important thermophysical properties that depends on various parameters. Size of the particles used in nanofluids is one of these effecting parameters. In this work, experimental studies considering the particle size effect on the viscosity of the nanofluid have been reviewed. Firstly, comparison of nanofluid and surfactant type, production and measurement methods were considered. Viscosity results of selected studies were evaluated in view of the parameters such as particle size, temperature and concentration. Furthermore, effective viscosity models of nanofluids, which include particle size as a parameter were discussed. The results indicate that there is a discrepancy about the effect of particle size on the viscosity of nanofluids. Moreover, it is observed from the evaluated data that the relative viscosity variation can be almost 40% either upwards or downwards by only altering the particle size.
172 citations