Topic
Nanofluid
About: Nanofluid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23986 publications have been published within this topic receiving 677384 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the role of aggregation and interfacial thermal resistance on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids and nanocomposites was analyzed, and it was shown that the thermal conductivities can be significantly enhanced by the aggregation of nanoparticles into clusters.
424 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of the aggregation mechanism with the Maxwell and Bruggeman models gives a good prediction of the effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluids, which can be given as eta/eta(0) - 1 = 10.6 phi + (10.6 �i)(2).
423 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a renovated Hamilton-Crosser model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids is proposed. But, this model is limited to suspensions with spherical particles and is not able to predict the nonlinear behavior of the nanophase thermal conductivities.
Abstract: We previously developed a renovated Maxwell model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids and determined that the solid/liquid interfacial layers play an important role in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids. However, this renovated Maxwell model is limited to suspensions with spherical particles. Here, we extend the Hamilton--Crosser model for suspensions of nonspherical particles to include the effect of a solid/liquid interface. The solid/liquid interface is described as a confocal ellipsoid with a solid particle. The new model for the three-phase suspensions is mathematically expressed in terms of the equivalent thermal conductivity and equivalent volume fraction of anisotropic complex ellipsoids, as well as an empirical shape factor. With a generalized empirical shape factor, the renovated Hamilton--Crosser model correctly predicts the magnitude of the thermal conductivity of nanotube-in-oil nanofluids. At present, this new model is not able to predict the nonlinear behavior of the nanofluid thermal conductivity.
421 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the literature on entropy generation due to flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in different geometries and flow regimes is presented, and some suggestions for future work are presented.
416 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the thermal conductivity and viscosity of copper nanoparticles in ethylene glycol and found that the measured increase in thermal conductivities was twice the value predicted by the Maxwell effective medium theory.
Abstract: This study investigates the thermal conductivity and viscosity of copper nanoparticles in ethylene glycol. The nanofluid was prepared by synthesizing copper nanoparticles using a chemical reduction method, with water as the solvent, and then dispersing them in ethylene glycol using a sonicator. Volume loadings of up to 2% were prepared. The measured increase in thermal conductivity was twice the value predicted by the Maxwell effective medium theory. The increase in viscosity was about four times of that predicted by the Einstein law of viscosity. Analytical calculations suggest that this nanofluid would not be beneficial as a coolant in heat exchangers without changing the tube diameter. However, increasing the tube diameter to exploit the increased thermal conductivity of the nanofluid can lead to better thermal performance.
416 citations