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Nanomedicine
About: Nanomedicine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4287 publications have been published within this topic receiving 200647 citations.
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TL;DR: The growing interest in iron oxide-based nanomagnets with multifunctionalities was explored in cancer diagnostics and treatment, focusing on their combined roles in a magnetic resonance contrast agent, hyperthermia, and magnetic force assisted drug delivery.
Abstract: Iron oxide-based nanomagnets have attracted a great deal of attention in nanomedicine over the past decade. Down to the nanoscale, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can only be magnetized in the presence of an external magnetic field, which makes them capable of forming stable colloids in a physio-biological medium. Their superparamagnetic property, together with other intrinsic properties, such as low cytotoxicity, colloidal stability, and bioactive molecule conjugation capability, makes such nanomagnets ideal in both in-vitro and in-vivo biomedical applications. In this review, a chemical, physical, and biological synthetic approach to prepare iron oxide-based nanomagnets with different physicochemical properties was illustrated and compared. The growing interest in iron oxide-based nanomagnets with multifunctionalities was explored in cancer diagnostics and treatment, focusing on their combined roles in a magnetic resonance contrast agent, hyperthermia, and magnetic force assisted drug delivery. Iron oxides as magnetic carriers in gene therapy were reviewed with a focus on the sophisticated design and construction of magnetic vectors. Finally, the iron oxide-based nanomagnet also represents a very promising tool in particle/cell interfacing in controlling cellular functionalities, such as adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and cell patterning, in stem cell therapy and tissue engineering applications. Keywords: iron oxide; coprecipitation; thermal decomposition; microemulsion; magnetosome; lithography; cancer targeting; stem cell; gene delivery; tissue engineering; cell actuation (Published: 22 February 2010) Citation: Nano Reviews 2010, 1: 4883 - DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.4883
72 citations
TL;DR: This review evaluates the performance of different coating materials for nanoparticles concerning their ability to provide colloidal stability in biological media and living systems.
Abstract: Within the last two decades, the field of nanomedicine has not developed as successfully as has widely been hoped for. The main reason for this is the immense complexity of the biological systems, including the physico-chemical properties of the biological fluids as well as the biochemistry and the physiology of living systems. The nanoparticles' physicochemical properties are also highly important. These differ profoundly from those of freshly synthesized particles when applied in biological/living systems as recent research in this field reveals. The physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles are predefined by their structural and functional design (core and coating material) and are highly affected by their interaction with the environment (temperature, pH, salt, proteins, cells). Since the coating material is the first part of the particle to come in contact with the environment, it does not only provide biocompatibility, but also defines the behavior (e.g. colloidal stability) and the fate (degradation, excretion, accumulation) of nanoparticles in the living systems. Hence, the coating matters, particularly for a nanoparticle system for biomedical applications, which has to fulfill its task in the complex environment of biological fluids, cells and organisms. In this review, we evaluate the performance of different coating materials for nanoparticles concerning their ability to provide colloidal stability in biological media and living systems.
72 citations
TL;DR: LMW Chitosan sulfate nanoparticles were relatively stable in aqueous medium and exert a slow rate of dissolution when placed in acidic medium, which could explain the importance of such technique.
Abstract: Problem statement: The preparation of new simple Chitosan nanoparticle delivery system is very important and could have many applications particularly in pharmaceutical field to be used as a drug delivery system. In this study, the production of robust Chitosan nanoparticles has been developed and characterized by chemical crosslinking using sulfate anions. Approach: Chitosan polymer is considered one of the best polymers used in the field of Nanomedicine due to its safety, biocompatibility, biodegradability and environment friendly. Therefore, the development of a new method for the production of Chitosan nanoparticles should be of great importance for the pharmaceutical industry applications. The method was found to produce Chitosan sulfate capable carrying drug molecules which could explain the importance of such technique. Results: The size of Chitosan sulfate nanoparticles was determined using different LMW Chitosan HCl and sodium sulfate were confirmed by Laser diffraction, DSC and FTIR spectroscopy and it was tested for its dissolution rate. Conclusion/Recommendations: LMW Chitosan sulfate nanoparticles were relatively stable in aqueous medium and exert a slow rate of dissolution when placed in acidic medium. The properties of the Chitosan sulfate nanoparticles are considered suitable carriers in Nanomedicine and drug delivery technology.
72 citations
TL;DR: The prospects and challenges of metal‐enhanced biosensors for future nanomedicine in achieving ultrasensitive and fast medical diagnostics, high‐throughput drug discovery as well as effective and reliable theranostic treatment are discussed.
Abstract: Metal nanoparticles (NP) that exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance play an important role in metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Among the optical biosensors, MEF and SERS stand out to be the most sensitive techniques to detect a wide range of analytes from ions, biomolecules to macromolecules and microorganisms. Particularly, anisotropic metal NPs with strongly enhanced electric field at their sharp corners/edges under a wide range of excitation wavelengths are highly suitable for developing the ultrasensitive plasmon-enhanced biosensors. In this review, we first highlight the reliable methods for the synthesis of anisotropic gold NPs and silver NPs in high yield, as well as their alloys and composites with good control of size and shape. It is followed by the discussion of different sensing mechanisms and recent advances in the MEF and SERS biosensor designs. This includes the review of surface functionalization, bioconjugation and (directed/self) assembly methods as well as the selection/screening of specific biorecognition elements such as aptamers or antibodies for the highly selective bio-detection. The right combinations of metal nanoparticles, biorecognition element and assay design will lead to the successful development of MEF and SERS biosensors targeting different analytes both in-vitro and in-vivo. Finally, the prospects and challenges of metal-enhanced biosensors for future nanomedicine in achieving ultrasensitive and fast medical diagnostics, high-throughput drug discovery as well as effective and reliable theranostic treatment are discussed.
72 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary evaluation of the new nanomedicine composed of 27 nm gold nanoparticles, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG-thiol), and one of several thiolate paclitaxel analogs is presented.
71 citations