Nanomedicine

About: Nanomedicine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4287 publications have been published within this topic receiving 200647 citations.

Shape engineering vs organic modification of inorganic nanoparticles as a tool for enhancing cellular internalization.

Abstract: In nanomedicine, physicochemical properties of the nanocarrier affect the nanoparticle's pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, which are also decisive for the passive targeting and nonspecific cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Size and surface charge are, consequently, two main determining factors in nanomedicine applications. Another important parameter which has received much less attention is the morphology (shape) of the nanocarrier. In order to investigate the morphology effect on the extent of cellular internalization, two similarly sized but differently shaped rod-like and spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and functionalized to yield different surface charges. The uptake in two different cancer cell lines was investigated as a function of particle shape, coating (organic modification), surface charge and dose. According to the presented results, particle morphology is a decisive property regardless of both the different surface charges and doses tested, whereby rod-like particles internalized more efficiently in both cell lines. At lower doses whereby the shape-induced advantage is less dominant, charge-induced effects can, however, be used to fine-tune the cellular uptake as a prospective ‘secondary’ uptake regulator for tight dose control in nanoparticle-based drug formulations.

Cellular Interactions of Liposomes and PISA Nanoparticles during Human Blood Flow in a Microvascular Network.

Abstract: A key concept in nanomedicine is encapsulating therapeutic or diagnostic agents inside nanoparticles to prolong blood circulation time and to enhance interactions with targeted cells During circulation and depending on the selected application (eg, cancer drug delivery or immune modulators), nanoparticles are required to possess low or high interactions with cells in human blood and blood vessels to minimize side effects or maximize delivery efficiency However, analysis of cellular interactions in blood vessels is challenging and is not yet realized due to the diverse components of human blood and hemodynamic flow in blood vessels Here, the first comprehensive method to analyze cellular interactions of both synthetic and commercially available nanoparticles under human blood flow conditions in a microvascular network is developed Importantly, this method allows to unravel the complex interplay of size, charge, and type of nanoparticles on their cellular associations under the dynamic flow of human blood This method offers a unique platform to study complex interactions of any type of nanoparticles in human blood flow conditions and serves as a useful guideline for the rational design of liposomes and polymer nanoparticles for diverse applications in nanomedicine

Fundamentals of Nanotechnology

Abstract: Perspectives Introduction Perspectives of Nanotechnology The Business of Nanotechnology Education and Workforce Development Buildings for Nanotech National and International In-frastructure Nanotechnology Products Nanometrology: Standards and Nanomanufacturing The Transition, the Need Nanometrology and Uncertainty Quantum Metrology Nanometrology Tools Nanometrology and Nanomanufacturing Standards Nanomanufacturing and Molecular Assembly Electromagnetic Engineering Nanoelectronics Electronics and Nanoelectronics Microelectronics Nanoscale Electronics Nano-optics Introduction to Optics The Surface Plasmon Quantum Dots Near-Field Microscopies Nanophotonics Nanomagnetism Introduction Characteristics of Nanomagnetic Systems Magnetism in Reduced Dimensional Systems Physical Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures Recent Progress in Nanoscale Sample Preparation Nanomagnetism Applications Mechanical Nanoengineering Nanomechanics Introduction Three-Atom Chain Lattice Mechanics Stress and Strain Linear Elasticity Relations Molecular Dynamics Structure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Nanomechanical Measurement Techniques and Applications Nano-Microelectromechanical Systems (NEMS/MEMS) Nanostructure and Nanocomposite Thin Films Introduction Classification of Nanostructured, Nanocomposite Tribological Coatings Background of Nanostructured Super-Hard Coatings New Directions for Nanostructured Super-Tough Coatings Processing Techniques and Principles General Considerations and Practical Aspects of Sputtering Deposition Applications of Thin Films Technological Applications of Thin Films Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Ti-Al-Si-N Coatings Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Ti-Si-B-C-N Coatings Pulsed Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Cr-Al-N Coatings Chemical Nanoengineering Nanocatalysis Introduction to Catalytic and Nanocatalytic Materials Fundamentals of Catalysis Synthesis Catalyst Characterization Nanocomposites and Fibers Nanocomposites and Fibers Physical and Chemical Properties of Materials Natural Nanocomposites Carbon Fibers and Nanotubes Organic Polymer Nanocomposites Metal and Ceramic Nanocomposites Clay Nanocomposite Materials Biological and Environmental Nanoengineering Nanobiotechnology Introduction to Nanobiotechnology The Biological Immune System Using Antibodies in Biosensors: Immunoassays Cantilevers as Nano-Biosensors Micro- and Nanosensors and Applications Optical Nanosensors Nanotechnology for Manipulation of Biomolecules Biomimetics The Bio Sciences and Technologies Biomimetic Design of Molecules Biomimetic Nanomaterials Biomimetic Nanoengineering Medical Nanotechnology Introduction to Medical Nanotechnology Nanoparticles and Nanoencapsulation for Medical Applications Guiding and Stimulating Tissue Function and Growth Environmental Nanotechnology The Environment (and Technology) Water and Soil Quality, Monitoring, and Mitigation Air Quality, Monitoring, and Mitigation Energy

Nanobiotechnology: Inorganic Nanoparticles vs Organic Nanoparticles

Abstract: "Nanotechnology" is considered the next big revolution in medicine and biology. For the past 20 years, research groups have been involved in the development of new applications of novel nanomaterials for biotechnological applications. Nanomaterials are also becoming increasingly important in medical applications, with new drugs and diagnostic tools based on nanotechnology. Every year, hundreds of new ideas using nanomaterials are applied in the development of biosensors. An increasing number of new enterprises are also searching for market opportunities using these technologies. Nanomaterials for biotechnological applications is a very complex field. Thousands of different nanoparticles could potentially be used for these purposes. Some of them are very different; their synthesis, characterization and potentiality are very diverse. This book aims to establish a route guide for non-erudite researchers in the field, showing the advantages and disadvantages of the different kind of nanomaterials. Particular attention is given to the differences, advantages and disadvantages of inorganic nanoparticles versus organic nanoparticles when used for biotechnological applications. A tutorial introduction provides the basis for understanding the subsequent specialized chapters. This title provides an overview of the main advantages and disadvantages of the use of organic and inorganic nanoparticles for use in biotechnology and nanomedicine. It also provides an excellent starting point for research groups looking for solutions in nanotechnology who do not know which kind of materials will best suit their needs. It includes a tutorial introduction that provides a basis for understanding the subsequent specialized chapters.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Adjuvant To Facilitate Doxorubicin Intracellular Accumulation and Visualize pH-Responsive Release for Overcoming Drug Resistance

Abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer is a challenge to effective chemotherapeutic interventions. The stimulus-responsive drug delivery system (DDS) based on nanotechnology provides a promising approach to overcome MDR. Through the development of a doxorubicin delivery system based on zinc oxide nanomaterials, we have demonstrated that MDR in breast cancer cell line can be significantly circumvented by a combination of efficient cellular uptake and a pH-triggered rapid drug release due to degradation of nanocarriers in acidic environment. Doxorubicin and zinc oxide nanoparticles, compared with free doxorubicin, effectively enhanced the intracellular drug concentration by simultaneously increasing cell uptake and decreasing cell efflux in MDR cancer cells. The acidic environment-triggered release of drug can be tracked real-time by the doxorubicin fluorescence recovery from its quenched state. Therefore, with the combination of therapeutic potential and the capacity to track release of drug in cancer cells, our system holds great potential in nanomedicine by serving dual roles of overcoming drug resistance and tracking intracellular drug release from the DDS.