Nanomedicine

About: Nanomedicine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4287 publications have been published within this topic receiving 200647 citations.

Interactions of Nanoparticles and Biosystems: Microenvironment of Nanoparticles and Biomolecules in Nanomedicine.

Abstract: Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary science covering matters involving the nanoscale level that is being developed for a great variety of applications. Nanomedicine is one of these attractive and challenging uses focused on the employment of nanomaterials in medical applications such as drug delivery. However, handling these nanometric systems require defining specific parameters to establish the possible advantages and disadvantages in specific applications. This review presents the fundamental factors of nanoparticles and its microenvironment that must be considered to make an appropriate design for medical applications, mainly: (i) Interactions between nanoparticles and their biological environment, (ii) the interaction mechanisms, (iii) and the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. On the other hand, the repercussions of the control, alter and modify these parameters in the biomedical applications. Additionally, we briefly report the implications of nanoparticles in nanomedicine and precision medicine, and provide perspectives in immunotherapy, which is opening novel applications as immune-oncology.

Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract: Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Nanosuspensions for Parenteral Delivery. Nanoparticles Prepared Using Natural and Synthetic Polymers. Nanofiber-based Drug Delivery. Drug Nanocrystals: The Universal Formulation Approach for Poorly Soluble Drugs. Lipid Based Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems. Nanoengineering of Drug Delivery Systems. Aerosol Flow Reactor Method for the Synthesis of Multi Component Drug Nano and Micron Particles. Supercooled Smectic Nanoparticles. Biological and Engineering Considerations for Developing Tumor Targeting Metallic Nanoparticles Drug Delivery Systems. Biological Requirements for Nano Therapeutic Applications. Role of Nanobiotechnology in the Development of Nanomedicine. Pharmaceutical Applications of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems. Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) in Cosmetic, Dermal and Transdermal Applications. Nano Carriers of Drugs and Genes for the Treatment of Restenosis. Ocular Applications. Nanoparticulate Systems for CNS Drug Delivery. Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery: Formulation Characteristics. GI Applications. Nanoparticles as Adjuvants for Vaccination. Transdermal Applications of Nanoparticulate Delivery Systems.

Paclitaxel drug delivery systems

Abstract: Introduction: Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most effective broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancers. However, its clinical application has been limited due to its poor water solubility. Its current clinical administration uses the adjuvant of serious side effects and has undesired pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. There is, thus, a need for the development of alternate drug delivery systems of PTX to enhance its solubility, permeability and stability and further to promote a sustained, controlled and targeted delivery that will increase its therapeutic effects and reduce its side effects. Areas covered: This review is focused on recent developments of the various PTX delivery systems such as prodrugs, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers, dendrimers, nanohydrogels, as well as PTX-eluting stents. Expert opinion: Pharmaceutical nanotechnology can provide solutions to solve the problems encountered in drug formulation and drug ...

Size-dependent tumor penetration and in vivo efficacy of monodisperse drug-silica nanoconjugates

Abstract: The size of a nanomedicine strongly correlates with its biodistribution, tissue penetration, and cell uptake. However, there is limited understanding how the size of nanomedicine impacts the overall antitumor efficacy. We designed and synthesized camptothecin–silica nanoconjugates (Cpt–NCs) with monodisperse particle sizes of 50 and 200 nm, two representative sizes commonly used in drug delivery, and evaluated their antitumor efficacy in murine tumor models. Our studies revealed that the 50 nm Cpt–NC showed higher anticancer efficacy than the larger analogue, due presumably to its faster cellular internalization and more efficient tumor accumulation and penetration. Our findings suggest that nanomedicine with smaller sizes holds great promise for improved cancer therapy.

Smart multifunctional drug delivery towards anticancer therapy harmonized in mesoporous nanoparticles

Abstract: Nanomedicine seeks to apply nanoscale materials for the therapy and diagnosis of diseased and damaged tissues. Recent advances in nanotechnology have made a major contribution to the development of multifunctional nanomaterials, which represents a paradigm shift from single purpose to multipurpose materials. Multifunctional nanomaterials have been proposed to enable simultaneous target imaging and on-demand delivery of therapeutic agents only to the specific site. Most advanced systems are also responsive to internal or external stimuli. This approach is particularly important for highly potent drugs (e.g. chemotherapeutics), which should be delivered in a discreet manner and interact with cells/tissues only locally. Both advances in imaging and precisely controlled and localized delivery are critically important in cancer treatment, and the use of such systems – theranostics – holds great promise to minimise side effects and boost therapeutic effectiveness of the treatment. Among others, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are considered one of the most promising nanomaterials for drug delivery. Due to their unique intrinsic features, including tunable porosity and size, large surface area, structural diversity, easily modifiable chemistry and suitability for functionalization, and biocompatibility, MSNPs have been extensively utilized as multifunctional nanocarrier systems. The combination or hybridization with biomolecules, drugs, and other nanoparticles potentiated the ability of MSNPs towards multifunctionality, and even smart actions stimulated by specified signals, including pH, optical signal, redox reaction, electricity and magnetism. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of multifunctional, smart drug delivery systems centered on advanced MSNPs, with special emphasis on cancer related applications.