Nanomedicine

About: Nanomedicine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4287 publications have been published within this topic receiving 200647 citations.

Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for combined therapeutic, diagnostic and targeted action in cancer treatment.

Abstract: The main objective in the development of nanomedicine is to obtain delivery platforms for targeted delivery of drugs or imaging agents for improved therapeutic efficacy, reduced side effects and increased diagnostic sensitivity. A (nano)material class that has been recognized for its controllable properties on many levels is ordered mesoporous inorganic materials, typically in the form of amorphous silica (SiO2). Characteristics for this class of materials include mesoscopic order, tunable pore dimensions in the (macro)molecular size range, a high pore volume and surface area, the possibility for selective surface functionality as well as morphology control. The robust but biodegradable ceramic matrix moreover provides shelter for incorporated agents (drugs, proteins, imaging agents, photosensitizers) leaving the outer particle surface free for further modification. The unique features make these materials particularly amenable to modular design, whereby functional moieties and features may be interchanged or combined to produce multifunctional nanodelivery systems combining targeting, diagnostic, and therapeutic actions. This review covers the latest developments related to the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as nanocarriers in biomedical applications, with special focus on cancer therapy and diagnostics.

Cisplatin-Prodrug-Constructed Liposomes as a Versatile Theranostic Nanoplatform for Bimodal Imaging Guided Combination Cancer Therapy

Abstract: Up to date, a large variety of liposomal nanodrugs have been explored for cancer nanomedicine, showing encouraging results in both preclinical animal experiments and clinical treatment of cancer patients. Herein, a phospholipid conjugated with a cisplatin prodrug is used as the major structure component of liposomes together with other commercial lipids via self-assembling. By doping with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR), a lipophilic dye with strong near infrared (NIR) absorbance and fluorescence, the obtained DiR-Pt(IV)-liposome is found to be an effective probe for in vivo NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic bimodal imaging. Attributing to its intrinsically doped cis-Pt(IV) prodrug, efficient photothermal conversion ability, and excellent tumor homing ability, DiR-Pt(IV)-liposome confers greatly enhanced therapeutic outcomes in the combined photothermal-chemotherapy. Moreover, Pt(IV)-liposome is also demonstrated to be an efficient carrier for both small hydrophilic molecules and proteins, which are encapsulated inside the water-cavity of liposomes, further demonstrating the versatile functions of this nanoplatform. This study develops a unique type of liposomal nanomedicine with a prodrug conjugated phospholipid as the major structure component. Such Pt(IV)-liposome is featured with advantages including precisely defined/easily tunable drug compositions, stealth-like pharmacokinetics, efficient tumor passive uptake, and the capabilities to simultaneously load with various types of imaging or therapeutic agents.

Plasmonic Vesicles of Amphiphilic Nanocrystals: Optically Active Multifunctional Platform for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

Abstract: ConspectusVesicular structures with compartmentalized, water-filled cavities, such as liposomes of natural and synthetic amphiphiles, have tremendous potential applications in nanomedicine. When block copolymers self-assemble, the result is polymersomes with tailored structural properties and built-in releasing mechanisms, controlled by stimuli-responsive polymer building blocks. More recently, chemists are becoming interested in multifunctional hybrid vesicles containing inorganic nanocrystals with unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. In this Account, we review our recent progress in assembling amphiphilic plasmonic nanostructures to create a new class of multifunctional hybrid vesicles and applying them towards cancer diagnosis and therapy.Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) gives plasmonic nanomaterials a unique set of optical properties that are potentially useful for both biosensing and nanomedicine. For instance, the strong light scattering at their LSPR wavelength opens up th...