Showing papers on "Natural disaster published in 1970"

Minimizing Damage to Refineries from Nuclear Attack, Natural and Other Disasters

Abstract: : The object of this publication is to review with refinery management and technical personnel: (1) The nature of the possible damage to installations and to people caused by hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, floods, or earthquakes, and the similarity of such forces to those created by nuclear weapons; (2) The probable extent and magnitude of the destruction resulting from a blast or natural disaster; (3) The research done by government and related agencies and industry which point out ways to strengthen a modern oil refinery to make it more damage and blast resistant within the realm of economic judgment; and, (4) Other problems to be expected in time of war.

Policies, Programs, And Problems Of The Local Red Cross Disaster Relief In The 1960s

Abstract: In a disaster of any magnitude that occurs in American society, the Red Cross is certain to be present. Much of the mass care which is necessary during such emergencies becomes the responsibility of the Red Cross. Too, unlike other emergency organizations, the Red Cross has continuing responsibilities in the rehabilitation phase. Because of such extensive involvement in disaster activities, only a limited aspect of this involvement can be considered here. The concern here is to depict the operations of this organization during the emergency period -- the nature of the problems it encounters and the possible organizational sources of the difficulties it may have in carrying out it activities. In this sense, the report is problem oriented rather than concentrating on achievements. While the focus of the report will be on the local chapter of the Red Cross in its disaster activities, these local activities have to be seen in the context of their relationship to national level policy and to Red Cross personnel based outside the community. Consequently, after a brief discussion of the data upon which this report is based, attention will be given to the general structure of the Red Cross. In the second chapter, the disaster orientation of the Red Cross is outlined, particularly as this orientation is revealed in the emergency demands which the organization accepts as legitimate. The bulk of this second chapter, therefore, concerns the tasks which members of the Red Cross perform in disaster. Subsequent chapters will consider the Red Gross mobilization of personnel and supplies to perform these tasks in emergencies (chapter three) and certain problems which occur within the organization as a result of this mobilization (chapter four). One of the consequences of mobilization is, of course, the sudden convergence of national personnel and local volunteers on the Red Cross. Chapter four will deal, then, with the intraorganizational consequences of these dual structures of the Red Cross in disaster operations. Chapter five will consider interorganizational relationships in these operations.

Integrated Risk Response TechniquesIn Emergency Situations:\“the Mozambique Floods Case Simulations”

Abstract: Mozambique is one of the countries which is most vulnerable to natural catastrophes in the world with the second highest annual per capita death rate from disasters, 328 deaths per million, ranking only below the P.D.R of Korea; flood disasters are responsible for half of the fatalities and a third of the economic losses from natural disasters worldwide. Its geographical location, along the Indian Ocean with an area of more than 1,700 km2, gives a degree of higher exposure to tropical depressions of different magnitudes, severe floods and droughts. Within the country, disasters are under the management of the National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC) a governmental entity composed of a multisector commission to deal with emergencies and natural catastrophes. Natural disaster risk management is also a wide field that attracts the attention of many stakeholders in the country, namely NGO, governmental institutions, academics and researchers, international agencies and others at international level. This particular research paper aims to investigate and propose different techniques of responses in emergency situations such as floods and tropical depressions. The study will explore different approaches which are applied in emergency situations, combining theories and practices in order to formulate an integrated model. Stakeholder participatory approaches, earlier warning and probabilistic and mathematical simulation are among the main components of the Integrated Risk Response Techniques. The main objective in developing such Integrated Risk Response Techniques is to provide the natural disaster risk managers with a holistic tool that can be applied, in case of emergencies, and reinforce the sustainability of the emergency planning processes. The use of such techniques might create added value for the national and regional response mechanisms in case of emergency.

Disaster Prevention And Management: An Academic Challenge For Disaster Prone Developing Countries

Abstract: In this paper, after highlighting the concepts and types of disasters, the role of prevention and management, and of the human experts for restricting the scope of natural disasters particularly in developing countries will be discussed Then, an attempt will be made to outline an academic MSc course in natural disasters sciences which was developed by the author and has been implemented in Iran, a disaster-prone developing country

Natural Disaster and Organizational Change: A Comparative Analysis of Three Cities

Abstract: The body of this report is a descriptive analysis of organizational activities in natural disasters and organizational change in post-disaster environments. The question, therefore, to which this report addresses itself is the effect of natural disasters on various community organizations: Do such organizations, in effect, learn anything as a result of analytic framework within this question is broached is comparison of disaster and post-disaster experiences of fifty-six organizations in three American cities impacted within the last seven years.