Topic
Natural disaster
About: Natural disaster is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5456 publications have been published within this topic receiving 104808 citations. The topic is also known as: natural calamity & natural hazard.
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01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The Reclamation States Drought Assistance Act of 1988 was passed in response to the widespread drought conditions that much of the United States experienced in 1987 and 1988 as mentioned in this paper, which allowed individual states to seek assistance in the form of financial aid and resource management from the federal government for the purpose of mitigating the effects of drought.
Abstract: Drought is a familiar occurrence that lacks the drama and immediacy of other natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, but the economic repercussions can be equally devastating. The Reclamation States Drought Assistance Act of 1988 was passed in response to the widespread drought conditions that much of the United States experienced in 1987 and 1988. The act allowed individual states to seek assistance in the form of financial aid and resource management from the federal government for the purpose of mitigating the effects of drought. The Reclamation Drought Index (RDI) was developed for possible future use as a trigger in determining when a drought is severe enough for an area to receive emergency drought relief funds from the federal government. This paper presents an example of the usage of the RDI, and the guidelines that should be followed when calculating and applying the index.
79 citations
TL;DR: This research proposes three areas the uses of unmanned aerial vehicles –UAV’s- (or Drones) in the case of natural disasters response and humanitarian relief aid: the aerial monitoring post- natural disaster damage evaluation, the natural disaster logistic and cargo delivery, and the post-natural disaster aerial assessment.
79 citations
11 Aug 2014
TL;DR: Two major evacuation strategies are reported, Demand Strategies (DS) and Speed Strategies (SS), which provide better evacuation results in smart cities settings, which are among the most crucial dimensions of smart and future cities design.
Abstract: Smart cities have recently become the mainstream approaches for urbanisation. Environmental, social and economic sustainability, digital inclusion and high quality of life are considered important elements in smart cities design. Emergency response system and resilience are among the most crucial dimensions of smart and future cities design due to the increase in various disruptions caused by frequent manmade and natural disasters such as September 2001 and Philippines Typhoon Haiyan 2013. Disasters cause great economic and human losses each year throughout the world. Transportations and Telecommunications play a crucial role in disaster response and management. Our research is focused on developing emergency response systems for disasters of various scales with a focus on transportation systems. We have proposed and evaluated a disaster management system that uses Intelligent Transportation Systems including Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), mobile and Cloud Computing technologies. In this paper, we report our recent work on two major evacuation strategies, Demand Strategies (DS) and Speed Strategies (SS), which provide better evacuation results in smart cities settings.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a resilient risk management strategy for uncertain low-probability, high-impact risks comprises a package of measures focused on disaster risk prevention, damage mitigation and arrangements for efficient risk sharing.
79 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: A review of the use of remote sensing and GIS for a number of major disaster types is given in this article, where the authors show that remote sensing has become an operational tool in the disaster preparedness and warning phases for cyclones, droughts and floods.
Abstract: Natural disasters are extreme events within the earth's system that result in death or injury to humans, and damage or loss of valuable goods, such as buildings, communication systems, agricultural land, forest, natural environment etc. The economic losses due to natural disasters have shown an increase with a factor of eight over the past four decades, caused by the increased vulnerability of the global society, but also due to an increase in the number of weather-related disasters. For the management of natural disasters a large amount of multi -temporal spatial data is required. Satellite remote sensing is the ideal tool for disaster management, since it offers information over large areas, and at short time intervals. Although it can be utilised in the various phases of disaster management, such as prevention, preparedness, relief, and reconstruction, in practice up till now it is mostly used for warning and monitoring. During the last decades remote sensing has become an operational tool in the disaster preparedness and warning phases for cyclones, droughts and floods. The use of remote sensing data is not possible without a proper tool to handle the large amounts of data and combine it with data coming from other sources, such as maps or measurement stations. Therefore, together with the growth of the remote sensing applications, Geographic Information Systems have become increasingly important for disaster management. This chapter gives a review of the use of remote sensing and GIS for a number of major disaster types.
79 citations