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Showing papers on "Natural fiber published in 1983"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, wood fibers from aspen and spruce have been used for filler and reinforcement of polystyrene, and the following properties of composites have been measured: elastic-modulus, tensile strength, and energy absorbed at break.
Abstract: Wood fibers from aspen and spruce have been used for filler and reinforcement of polystyrene. The wood fibers used were in the form of refined wood. In order to improve compatibility of wood fibers with polymeric matrices, fibers have been modified by copolymerization with styrene. The kanthate method of grafting employing the ferrous-hydrogen peroxide catalytic system was used for fiber treatment. The following properties of composites have been measured: elastic-modulus, tensile strength, and energy absorbed at break. In summary, it has been found that the composites from grafted fibers showed superior mechanical properties to those with original fibers. In general, as a filler, the aspen fibers were superior to spruce, and the shorter fibers superior to longer ones. Mechanical properties of composites as compared to polystyrene were improved as follows: elastic modulus +37 percent; tensile strength +35 percent and energy at breakup by 43.5 percent. The best composites properties have been achieved at 40 percent of fiber fraction present.

126 citations


Patent
26 May 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the subject treating agent is applied to the fiber in processes ranging from a fiber-producing process to a finishing process, preventing the breakage of the fiber caused by the friction between the fiber and various guides in a high speed spinning process, drawing process, etc., and contriving the improvement of the operability of the processes by containing a phosphorodithioate metal salt.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide the subject treating agent applied to the fiber in processes ranging from a fiber-producing process to a finishing process, preventing the breakage of the fiber caused by the friction between the fiber and various guides in a high speed spinning process, drawing process, etc., and contriving the improvement of the operability of the processes by containing a phosphorodithioate metal salt. CONSTITUTION: A fiber-treating agent contains a phosphorodithioate of the formula (R and R 1 are alkyl or aryl; A is 2-4C alkyl; X is mono-tetravalent metal element; (p) and (q) are 0 or an integer of ≥1; (n) is 1-4), and if necessary, at least one of a known leveling agent, a surfactant, a destaticiing agent, etc. The treating agent is emulsified and subsequently supplied to a fiber such as natural fiber or synthetic fiber with a roller in a process between the preparation process of the fiber and the finishing process thereof, thereby reducing a high load friction between the fiber and the metal, a friction between the fiber and various guides in a high speed spinning or drawing process, a friction between the fiber and a palcon ring in a high speed fine spinning process and a friction between the fibers of a tire cord and a hot roller in a high contact pressure state, and preventing the breakage of the fiber and the lowering of the operability of the processes. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The asymmetric or bilateral structure of the cotton fiber has been attributed to stress distributions resulting from the collapse of the fiber during initial drying as mentioned in this paper, which is the cause, not the result, of the characteristic bean-shape fiber cross section.
Abstract: The asymmetric or bilateral structure of the cotton fiber has been attributed to stress distributions resulting from the collapse of the fiber during initial drying. Mi croscopical evidence is presented illustrating the bilateral structure of never-dried cotton fibers at various stages of growth; therefore, prior to boll opening and initial drying, cotton fibers have an inherent asymmetric structure. This bilateral structure can well be the cause, not the result, of the characteristic bean-shape fiber cross section.

9 citations


Patent
19 Nov 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a mat-like fibrous compsn. is heated to stick the natural fibers to each other by melting of the synthetic resin, whereby a matlike molding having 0.03-0.15g/cc apparent density and >= 3mm thickness is formed.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve oil absorbing performance by heating a mat-like fibrous compsn. contg. natural fiber, and a fibrous or powdery synthetic resin and forming the same to a mat shape. CONSTITUTION:60-97wt% Natural fibers such as pulp, regenerated pulp, cotton linter or the like and 40-3wt% fibrous and powdery synthetic resin such as PE, polystyrene or the like are contained to obtain a mat-like fibrous compsn. The mat-like fibrous compsn. is heated to stick the natural fibers to each other by melting of the synthetic resin, whereby a mat-like molding having 0.03-0.15g/cc apparent density and >=3mm. thickness is formed.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto reduced Indian Chokla wool fibers was studied in aqueous solution using the acetylacetonato complex of Mn(III) as the initiator.
Abstract: The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto reduced Indian Chokla wool fibers was studied in aqueous solution using the acetylacetonato complex of Mn(III) as the initiator. Perchloric acid was found to catalyze the reaction. The rate of grafting was investigated by varying the concentration of the monomer and the complex, acidity of the medium, the temperature, and the reaction medium. It is observed that the graft yield increases with increasing concentration of the chelate and acid and with increasing temperature. There is an increase in graft yield within a certain concentration range of the monomer, after which it falls. The grafting is considerably influenced by changing the solvent composition of the reaction medium. A comparative study reveals that oxidized and reduced wools are better substrates than untreated and other chemically modified wools. The effect of various monomers on graft yield is investigated. MMA is found to be a most active monomer compared to other vinyl...

6 citations


Patent
27 Jul 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a board for molding which is excellent in moldability, light and suitable for the interior material of an automobile is obtained by blending a light weight fine powder and a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin to a fiber material and completing the board.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a board for molding which is excellent in moldability, light and suitable for the interior material of an automobile, etc, and provides a molded article of excellent strength, dimensional stability etc, by blending a light weight fine powder and a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin to a fiber material and completing the board CONSTITUTION:A mixture consisting of (A) 20-75wt% of a natural fiber (eg; wooden pulp, used paper), a synthetic fiber (eg; polyester, rock wool), an inorganic fiber (eg; glass fiber) or a mixture of these, (B) 20-50wt% of a fine powder (eg; kieselguhr, perlite) having 002-03g/cm weight per unit volume and contg >=50wt% fraction having is made from an obtained slurry by a wetting method

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the changes caused in wool fibres by treatment with liquid ammonia were investigated with DTA, TG and DTG, and it was established that the thermal stability of wool undergoes a significant increase, depending on the duration of treatment with Liquid NH3.
Abstract: The changes caused in wool fibres by treatment with liquid ammonia were investigated with DTA, TG and DTG. It was established that the thermal stability of wool undergoes a significant increase, depending on the duration of treatment with liquid NH3.

4 citations



Patent
14 Feb 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a short fiber is uniformly dispersed in an aqueous solution of a (salt) crosslinkable hydrophilic polymer and the resulting fiber containing dispersion is heated and dried to crosslink the aforementioned polymer.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a water-insoluble and highly water-absorbing sheet like article easily in a short process, by a method wherein a short fiber is uniformly dispersed in an aqueous solution of a (salt)crosslinkable hydrophilic polymer and the resulting fiber containing dispersion is heated and dried to crosslink the aforementioned polymer. CONSTITUTION:In an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion (A) of a self- crosslinkable hydrophilic polymer or a hydrophilic polymer crosslinkable by a crosslinking agent, for example, a copolymer of N-methylol acrylamide and acrylic acid, a short fiber (B) comprising a (semi)synthetic or a natural fiber with a length of 0.1-20mm. is uniformly dispersed in an amount of 50-200pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. component A and, after the aforementioned short fiber containing hydrophilic aqueous solution is cast to a thin film like form generally and, according to necessity, the formed thin film is foamed, the resulting thin film is heated and dried at 30 deg.C or more to form a crosslinked structure in the component A to obtain an objective sheet. USE:This sheet is used as a sanitary material or a dehydrating material.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of SH groups of wool fiber in graft copolymerization was investigated and the percentage of grafting was determined as a function of the concentration of Mn(acac)3, MMA, and nitric acid; the extent of reduction of wool by TGA; and the time and temperature.
Abstract: In an attempt to ascertain the role of SH groups of wool fiber in graft copolymerization, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was graft co-polymerized onto reduced wool by using manganese acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3) as the initiator in an aqueous medium. The reduction of wool was carried out with thioglycollic acid (TGA) in an aqueous solution. The percentage of grafting was determined as a function of the concentration of Mn(acac)3, MMA, and nitric acid; the extent of reduction of wool by TGA; and the time and temperature. Under optimum conditions methyl methacrylate was grafted to the reduced wool to the extent of 57.0%. Unreduced wool under optimum conditions was reported earlier to afford a maximum grafting of MMA to the extent of 82.5%. The reduction of wool does not promote grafting of MMA onto wool in the presence of Mn(acac)3.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a small-angle, x-ray scattering method was applied to evaluate macromolecular parameters of defated proteinous silk fibers like Eri, Muga, Tussah, and raw silk.
Abstract: The small-angle, x-ray scattering method was applied to evaluate macromolecular parameters of defated proteinous silk fibers like Eri, Muga, Tussah, and raw silk. For the experimental measurement of scattering intensities the small-angle Kratky camera, coupled with an automatic-step scanning device, pulse-height discriminator, and counter attachment was used. Macromolecular parameters like specific inner surface, percentage of void, length of coherence, range of inhomogeneity, and transversal length were evaluated by using the theories of Kratky, Porod and Debye, and Bueche. The physical properties of these defated fibers were also evaluated with Scott's IP2-inclined plane tester. The correlation of the tertiary structural parameters with textile properties like average breaking strength of the proteinous fibers indicated a dependence of physical properties on certain macromolecular parameters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of processing on the structural changes of the fiber keratin was evaluated using DTA, TG and TMA data, and it was shown that wool fibres chromed with 30 w.% K2Cr2O7 at 353 K exhibit a decreased exothermic process in the range 700-750 K.
Abstract: DTA, TG and TMA were used to study wool samples of 64 quality, dyed and chromed in a dyeing bath at a low temperature (353 K), as well as by the conventional method involving boiling (369 K). The TMA data allowed establishment of the basic temperatures connected with theα-β transition of the wool keratin, the melting of the crystal regions and protein denaturation. It was shown that wool fibres chromed with 30 w.% K2Cr2O7 at 353 K exhibit a decreased exothermic process in the range 700–750 K, which provides a possibility for evaluation of the effect of processing on the structural changes of the fibre keratin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results of DTA, DSC and X-ray diffraction examinations of wool samples treated with trichloroethylene (TRI) and tetrachloro methylene (PER) were presented.
Abstract: Studies have been made on the structure of wool fibres treated with trichloroethylene (TRt) and tetrachloroethylene (PER) by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry. The samples were treated with TRI at temperatures ranging from 40 ~ to 87 ~ and with PER at temperatures from 40 ~ to 121 ~ . TRI and PER treatment caused changes in the wool samples which were detected on the DTA curves. Changes in the degree of order brought about by TRI and PER, calculated from the DSC scans, were in accord with those determined from the X-ray data. The wool samples treated with TRI showed an increase, and those treated with PER a decrease, in the content of the ordered phase as the treatment time was increased. In addition to other techniques, differential thermal analysis has recently been gaining ground in textile research and technology. The first DTA study concerning protein fibres was that of Schwenker and Dusenbury [1]. These and subsequent investigations [I-9] have resulted assignments of observed characteristics to structural features of the examined wool fibres. The specific thermally-induced transitions in the observed features have been discussed in relation to the thermal or chemical modification of the wool. The present study is concerned with DTA, DSC and X-ray diffraction examinations of wool samples treated with trichloroethylene (TRI) and tetrachloroethylene (PER), Our aim has been to extend the scope of conclusions on structural changes within wool fibre due to organic solvent application. The knowledge of these changes is of assistance in establishing the optimum process-engineering conditions for anhydrous treatment of wool, ensuring that the wool fibres preserve their high utility values. Experimental Investigations were carried out on Australian Merino greasy wool staple. The average fibre length and diameter were 65 mm and 18-20/)m, respectively. Fibres, when cleaned from trash and mechanical impurities by Soxhlet extraction with diethyl ether for 12 hours, were treated with TRI and PER. The woos fibre treatment conditions were as listed in Table 1.