Showing papers on "Natural fiber published in 1989"

Influence of coupling agents and treatments on the mechanical properties of cellulose fiber–polystyrene composites

Abstract: Wood fibers of aspen in the form of chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) and Tembec 6816 have been used as reinforcing fillers in different varieties of polystyrene. The tensile strength, elongation, and energy at maximum point, as well as tensile modulus at 0.1% strain is reported. Also revealed is the optimum condition of compression molding. The influence of different coupling agents, such as poly[methylene(polyphenyl isocyanate)], silanes (A-172, A-174, A-1100), and grating on the mechanical properties of composites is discussed. The extent of increase in mechanical properties depends on the weight percentage of fibers, the concentration of coupling agents, and the grafting level (add-on %). Coating followed by an isocyanate treatment appears to be the best treatment. In addition, the isocyanate treatment and grafting are superior to the silane treatment. Experimental results are explained on the basis of possible interactions among cellulose fiber-coupling agent-polymer in the interfacial area.

Polypropylene-Wood Fiber Composites: Effect of Fiber Treatment on Mechanical Properties

Abstract: Polypropylene (PP) was reinforced with different wood fibers, chemithermomechani-cal (CTMP) aspen and commercial pulps (Tempure and Temalfa-A). Various chemical treatments on the fiber was carried out to improve the bonding at the interface. Fibres coated with Silane coupling agents Silane A-172 and A-174 (with vinyl and methacryloxy functional groups respectively) upon reinforcement showed poor tensile strength. PP filled with Pre-coated fibers containing maleated propylene wax, polymer and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate produced higher tensile strength and modulus. The use of dicummyl peroxide and cummine hydro peroxide as initiators during the coating of the fiber was not effective. Polypropylene reinforced with fibers of lower mesh size gave better tensile properties.

Coconut‐fiber‐reinforced rubber composites

Abstract: Renforcement de diverses formulations de caoutchouc par des fibres de noix de coco, vulcanisation et proprietes mecaniques des vulcanisats

Natural fiber reinforced concrete

Abstract: In recent years, several investigations have been reported on the strength and behavior of concrete reinforced with natural fibers. Since natural fibers are available in abundant quantities in many developing countries, more elaborate research should be directed toward the various problems associated with the use of these fibers. This paper presents a critical review of the factors that affect the properties and behavior of natural fiber reinforced concrete (NFRC). Test results for concretes obtained by using water blended with yeast granules are also reported in this paper.

Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites by slurry deposition

Abstract: A process for producing long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites is described This process, based on papermaking technology, consists of depositing a mixture of a polymeric powder and reinforcing fibers from an aqueous slurry The degree of homogeneity of the mixture and the subsequent ability to handle the dried sheet have been significantly improved by the addition of less than 5% pulp fibers, based on solids concentration, to the slurry The dried sheet is then consolidated into a composite sheet with a continuous matrix phase by the application of heat and then pressure Tensile properties and the degree of reinforcement efficiency of composites produced by this process have been shown to be comparable to those produced by melt impregnation techniques

Electromagnetic wave shielding laminated sheet

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide enough flexibility and a superior electromagnetic wave shielding characteristic by laminating an amorphous metal thin film layer, nonamorphous metal thin film layer and a fiber cloth stiffening layer in optional order, and adhering each other with adhesive agent. SOLUTION: An electromagnetic wave shielding lamination sheet is formed in such a way that a fiber cloth stiffening layer 5 containing a fiber cloth is laminated on a lamination body 4 consisting of an amorphous metal thin film layer 1 and a nonamorphous metal thin film layer 3. An amorphous metal thin film is selected from amorphous alloy with generally contains iron as a main component, and contains additional boron, silicon, carbon, nickel, cobalt, etc. And, superthin metal foil of titanium, beryllium and copper, etc., is used for nonamorphous metal thin film material. And further, for fiber cloth for the fiber cloth stiffening layer, natural fiber, for example, cotton, hemp, etc., inorganic fiber, for example, glass fiber and carbon fiber, etc., or regenerated fiber, for example, viscose rayon, etc., is used.

Crosslinking structure of keratin. I. Determination of the number of crosslinks in hair and wool keratins from mechanical properties of the swollen fiber

Abstract: Hair and wool keratin fibers which had been treated with an 11 M LiBr solution containing N-ethyl maleimide showed typical rubberlike elasticity in a solution composed of equal volume of 8 M LiBr and diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether. Stress–strain curves and equilibrium force–temperature relations were measured for swollen hair and wool fibers. The non-Gaussian effects on deformation and the energy component in retractive forces were analyzed. On the basis of rubber elasticity theory, a method for estimation of the number of mechanically effective crosslinks in keratin fibers was proposed. A linear relationship between the crosslink density and the disulfide content was obtained from the data for a variety of keratin fibers (i.e., two different human hairs, horse hair, and 17 different wools). From the results of thermodynamical and non-Gaussian treatments for swollen keratin, it was suggested that the swollen fiber consists of a two-phase structure: a mechanically stable phase of higher crosslinked domains and rubbery phase with lower crosslink density. It was further found that considerable amounts of nondisulfide covalent crosslinks are present in wool and hair keratins.

Production of cloth for ink jet dyeing and dyeing method

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title cloth improved in ink blur preventivity, excellent in color developability and capable of giving dense, fine printed images by imparting a cloth with a water-base treatment liquid containing a water-soluble polymer and fine fibrous powder or porous fine powder. CONSTITUTION: A cloth of synthetic fiber or natural fiber is imparted with a water-based treatment liquid comprising (A) a water-soluble polymer (e.g. natural paste, synthetic water-soluble polymer) and fine fibrous powder or porous fine powder (pref. of cellulosic fiber) followed by drying, thus giving the objective cloth excellent in ink blur preventivity, good in color developability and capable of giving dense, fine printed images. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

Interrelationships between selected mechanical properties of individually‐tested polymeric fibers

Abstract: Determination des proprietes de traction et de torsion (angle de torsion a la rupture, contrainte a la rupture, energie de rupture, module secant, a la duree de vie a la flexion) de fibres non traitees. Discussion des resultats

Production of fibrous laminate

Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce a fibrous laminated body suitable for deep-drawing forming and having excellent shape keeping properties after forming by laminating a binder nonwoven fabric of a thermoplastic resin fiber having a specific melting point on the surface of a fiber mat having a higher melting point, subjecting the laminated body to a needing process, subsequently placing a surface-finishing material on the needled laminated body, and heating and fusing them. CONSTITUTION: A binder nowoven fabric A of a thermoplastic resin fiber having a melting point of 60-200 deg.C is laminated on the surface of a fiber mat B consisting of a synthetic fiber or a natural fiber having a melting point higher than the melting point of the fibrous-binder nonwoven fabric by 40 deg.C or more, needling is applied on the laminated body from the side of the binder nonwoven fabric A of the thermoplastic resin to obtain a laminated-body mat C in which binder fibers of the nonwoven fabric A and fibers of the fiber mat B are entangled with each other. Subsequently, a surface- finishing material D is placed on the side of the nonwoven fabric A, and subsequently heating them up to a temperature at which the fibers of the surface-finishing material D and the fiber mat B are not fused, while the binder fiber of the nonwoven fabric A is fused to obtain the objective laminated body in which the surface finishing material D and the fiber mat B are finally integrally fused.

Graft copolymerization onto wool fibers: Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto wool fibers initiated by quinquivalent vanadium.

Abstract: Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto wool fibers was carried out with quinquivalent vanadium as the initiator in an aqueous medium under nitrogen atmosphere. The percentage of grafting was influenced by reaction time, temperature, concentrations of acid, monomer, initiator and base polymer. Grafting has also been carried out in the presence of various organic solvents. It has bcen observed that 193.7% of grafting is obtained at 55°C for [AA]=1.46 M, [V+5]=0.025 M, Wool=0.2 g and for a reaction time of 6 h. A suitable mechanism has been proposed for graft initiation and termination. A theoretical rate equation has been derived. The behaviour of the graft copolymers towards mineral acids and alkalis has been tested. Their tensile properties, dye-uptake ability and absorption of water and water vapour have also been examined.

Production of moisture-permeable and waterproof fabric

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a soft moisture-permeable and waterproof fabric by coating a textile fabric with a resin solution containing a specific amount of a water-soluble cellulosic derivative, forming a film, then treating the resultant film in hot water and forming micropores in the aforementioned film. CONSTITUTION: A textile fabric composed of synthetic fiber, such as polyamide, semisynthetic fiber and blended fiber composed of the aforementioned fiber and natural fiber is coated with a resin solution containing a water-soluble cellulosic derivative (e.g. acetylcellulose or CMC) in an amount of 5-50wt.% based on the resin solid content and dried to form a film, which is then treated with an aqueous solution at ≥50°C to elute the water-soluble cellulosic derivative and form many micropores in the aforementioned film. Thereby, a moisture- permeable and waterproof fabric having soft hand, water resistance performance and high moisture permeability excellent in color fastness to washing is obtained. The resultant fabric is useful as sports clothes, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

Fibrous laminate and preparation thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To simply obtain an inexpensive fibrous laminate rich in decorative properties and excellent in moldability and shape retentivity, by incorporating a resin having a specific glass transition point or higher contained as an emulsion in a fiber mat layer in a specific amount as a resin solid CONSTITUTION:A fibrous laminate is formed by laminating a skin material E to a laminated mat D which is constituted of upper and lower fabric layers A, B each formed from a thermoplastic fiber binder nonwoven fabric having a mp of 60-200 degC and a fiber mat layer C based on a synthetic or natural fiber having a mp more than 40 degC higher than that of the thermoplastic fiber binder nonwoven fabric and has such a structure that the fibers of the fiber binder nonwoven fabrics of the upper and lower fabric layers A, B are bonded to the fibers of the fiber mat layer C in an entangled state A resin having a glass transition point of 50 degC or more is contained in the fiber mat layer C in an amount of 10-100 ptswt per 100 ptswt of the fiber as an emulsion resin solid When the emulsion resin solid is smaller than the above mentioned range, rigidity can not be improved and the improvement of shape retentivity can not be expected When said solid is too much, the laminate becomes too hard

Paper for judging forgery

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title paper capable of exhibiting fluorescence reaction by exposing ultraviolet ray, etc., by blending a fiber, e.g. natural fiber such as pulp, chemical fiber such as rayon or synthetic fiber such as PE, which was dyed using a fluorescent whitening agent, as part of paper material and making the blend into paper. CONSTITUTION: The aimed paper obtained by blending a fiber, e.g. natural fiber such as pulp, flax or linter, chemical fiber such as rayon or synthetic fiber such as PE or polyester, which was dyed using a fluorescent whitening agent, as part of paper material and making the blend into paper. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO&Japio

Composite yarn having three-layer structure and its production

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a composite yarn having three layer structure, excellent in dyeing property and processability by covering a metallic fiber with an aromatic polyamide fiber and further covering the fiber with a natural fiber and/or a chemical or synthetic fiber without naked part CONSTITUTION: Staple of an aromatic polyamide fiber is fed as a fiber 2 for intermediate layer from a drawing mechanism 4 for roving to a guide 7 for joining and single wire, filament yarn or spun yarn of metallic fiber such as stainless steel fiber is fed as a core fiber 1 from a core fiber guide 9 to the guide 7 for joining to join both fibers 1 and 2 and then, introduced into a pair of drums 10 of absorptive twisting type open end spinning apparatus Further, staple of natural fiber and/or chemical or synthetic fiber is fed as a fiber 3 for outer layer from a drawing mechanism 11 to these fibers in the spinning apparatus to cover these fibers therewith The objective composite yarn having three layer structure, in which abrasion strength of an outermost layer and an intermediate layer are each >=20 and >=40 when measured according to JIS L-10957101 A method is obtained thereby

Volatile long acting gel

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent the lowering in the effect of a gel, by adding a specific short fibrous material to a gelling agent, a base and an effective component all of which are used heretofore CONSTITUTION:A mixture of a liquid drug based on water or oil compounded with volatile fragrance, a deodorant, an insecticide, an insect proof agent and an antifungal or antibacterial component and a short fibrous material substantially insoluble in said liquid drug is gelled using a gelling agent As the short fibrous material substantially insoluble in the liquid drug, a natural fiber such as cotton or wool, an inorg fiber such as a glass fiber or asbestos, a metal fiber composed of iron or copper, a synthetic fiber such as synthetic pulp or rayon and cut products thereof are designated and the said fibrous material may be used in an amount of 01-10% by wt of the whole of the gel As the oil used in the gel, a paraffinic compound and alcohols are designated and a compounding amount is 42-997wt% when the base is water and 40-995wt% when the base is oil When the base is oil, higher fatty acid soap or hardened castor oil is used

Abrasion resistance of rayon/nylon composite fibers

Abstract: Composite rayonlnylon skin/core fibers have been produced with the objective of combining synthetic and natural fiber properties. Acid etching of the core fiber is examined as a pretreatment to increase adhesion between skin and core layers. The adhesion between skin and core layers is assessed using the technique of a carrier fabric for abrasion testing. Fibers are stitched into a plain weave carrier fabric, which is then abraded. Results indicate that pretreatment with sulfuric acid, followed by a bleach rinse, improved adhesion over untreated core fibers. However, further improvement in adhesion is necessary to produce fibers with acceptable abrasion resistance. The carrier fabric method was effective in assess ing adhesion and abrasion resistance of single fibers.

Study of the Radiative Properties of Natural and Synthetic Fibers in the 0.25–2.5 µm Region

Abstract: Measurements of the reflectance for the solar radiation spectrum of natural and synthetic fibers have been made with an integrating sphere. The obtained spectra are shown to relate to the chemical composition of the materials. The influence that moisture and blending of fibers have on the monochromatic, directional, hemispherical reflection factor is shown.

Insect-proof fiber and preparation thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare a fiber having excellent washing resistance and duration and having a rich insect-proof activity by imparting an organic insecticide and an organopolysiloxane to the surface of the fiber to form the coating film of this siloxane. CONSTITUTION: The surface of a fiber such as synthetic fiber or natural fiber is coated with a solution prepared by mixing an emulsified dispersion comprising an organic injurious insect-controlling agent (e.g. insecticide, insect-preventing agent or insect repellent) and a nonionic surfactant with a reactive organosiloxane emulsified dispersion solution, or coated with an organic solvent solution of the organic injurious-controlling agent and subsequently with an emulsified dispersion solution of the siloxane, followed by heat-treating the coated fiber to form a coating film of the siloxane for the preparation of an insert-preventing fiber having a durable insect-proof activity. Since the coating film has excellent smoothness, a weaving process, etc., for the insect-preventing fiber proceeds smoothing. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO&Japio

Conjugate non-woven fabric and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the subject non-woven fabric excellent in balance of strength and softness and in water absorption properties by piling up a sheet-shaped material composed of short fibers on a sheet-shaped material composed of filaments consisting of a sheath-core type conjugate fiber and carrying out water jet entangling treatment in plural times. CONSTITUTION: On one or more sides of a sheet-shaped material composed of filaments consisting of a sheath-core type conjugate fiber in which a polymer having a lower melting point than that of the core component is used as the sheath component, a sheet-shaped material composed of short fiber web or pulp of a natural fiber is piled up. The resultant laminated material is placed on a porous supporting member and led to collide with a fluid jet having <30kg/cm 2 pressure to preliminarily entangle both the sheet-shaped materials. The obtained preliminarily entangled material is then led to collide with a jet of ≥50kg/cm 2 to mutually entangle both the sheets without cutting the fibers constituting the above mentioned laminated sheets, thus obtaining the objective conjugate non-woven fabric having ≥11kg tensile strength, ≤65g softness and ≤5sec. water absorption properties. The above mentioned non-woven fabric can be widely utilized in fields such as a wiping cloth, a dehydrating roller material and a material for clothes. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

Interior trim material for automobile

Abstract: PURPOSE:To simply obtain an automobile interior trim material excellent in heat resistance, etc. at a low cost by providing an upper layer formed with a polyester fiber, natural fiber, etc. and a lower layer using non-woven fabric made of natural fiber, polypropylene fiber, etc. CONSTITUTION:An automobile interior trim material is formed with an upper layer composed of polyester fiber and/or natural fiber and a lower layer using non-woven fabric composed of a 10 or more wt% of natural fiber, a 10-60wt% of polypropylene fiber, and a 60 or less wt% of other fiber as necessary. Part of fiber of the upper layer is joined to the lower layer by means of needle punching. The polypropylene fiber on the lower layer is thermally molten to be integrally formed in a body by pressing, while being molded as necessary. Thereby, an automobile interior trim material which is excellent in heat resistance can be simply obtained at a low cost, improving a close attaching property after installing while ensuring favorable appearance and a sound insulating property.

Modified synthetic fiber

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain excellent modified synthetic fiber having water-absorbing properties, moisture-absorbing properties, heat resistance and dyeability, etc., characteristic of natural fiber with keeping durability and crease resistance by covering the surface of the synthetic fiber with crosslinked microorganism cellulose. CONSTITUTION: For instance, microorganism is cultured in a component containing cellulose and heteropolysaccharide having cellulose as a chain to generate filmy microorganism cellulose in gelled state. Next, said cellulose is mixed with polyfunctional isocyanate-based component as crosslinking agent and coated on the surface of synthetic fiber (thread state, string state or cloth state, etc.) such as nylon or polyester, etc., then sufficiently crosslinked to afford excellent modified synthetic fiber having water-absorbing properties, moisture- absorbing properties, heat resistance and dyeability and dry touch, etc., characteristic of cotton as natural fiber with keeping higher durability and crease resistance than conventional synthetic fiber. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

Laminate for electrical apparatus

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the heat resistance and plate adhesion of laminate for electrical apparatus without lowering its heat resistance and electrical insulation property after its moisture absorption by a method wherein at least one of resin-impregnated base materials contains inorganic filter, the sodium monoxide content of which is below a specified value. CONSTITUTION:In laminate for electrical apparatus, which is a produced by integrally arranging metal foils on the top surface and/or under surface of the required number of resin-impregnated base materials, at least one resin-impregnated base material contains inorganic filter, the sodium monoxide content of which is 0.005wt.% or less. As a result, the heat resistance and plate adhesion of the laminate is improved and the lowerings of the heat resistance and electrical insulation resistance after its mois ture absorption can be prevented from occurring. As the resin in the resin-impregnated base material, thermosetting resin such as single phenolic resin, cresylic resin, epoxy resin, uncaturated polyester resin, melamine resin, polyimide resin or the like, their mixture or their modified resin is used. As the base material, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, mat or paper consisting of inorganic fiber made of glass, asbestos or the like, organic synthetic fiber made of polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic resin and natural fiber such as cotton or the like and their combination base material or the like is used.

Roof foundation material

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a roof substrate material with waterproof and moisture permeability and prevent rainwater from entering from a nail hole by forming the roof substrate material using a fiber foundation cloth of a prescribed single yarn fineness. CONSTITUTION: A roof substrate material is formed using a fiber foundation cloth 1 of single yarn fiber 0.1 denier or less. The fiber foundation cloth 1 is formed of a single material out of natural fiber such as cotton, hemp, or wool, metal-, glass-, or carbon-based inorganic fiber, cellulose-based recycled fiber, protein-based semisynthetic fiber, and other synthetic fiber or formed by combining some therefrom. The use of the fiber foundation cloth of the single yarn fineness 0.1 denier or less can constitute the roof substrate material superior in waterproof, moisture permeability, and water cutoff performance.

Far infrared ray emitting nonwoven fabric sheet and hard cotton

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a nonwoven fabric sheet and hard cotton capable of retaining the and heating by far infrared radiation, suitable for a heat insulating material of clothes for cold weather, a textile materials for health promotion, a heat insulator for night clothes, cushion materials or the like by comprising a fiber material, a ceramic material and a thermally melting binder obtained by integrating them. CONSTITUTION: This far infrared ray radiating nonwoven fabric sheet comprises a fiber material such as a natural fiber (e.g.; silk, linen, wool, cotton or the like), a synthetic fiber (e.g.; nylon, vinylon (PVA), polyacrylonitrile, polyester, PVC or the like) or the like, a ceramic material [e.g.; burned product of 1:1 mixtures of alumina-silica or the like] and a thermally melting binder obtained by integrating them (e.g.; polyester, PP, polyamide or the like).

Resol phenol resin molding material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a resol phenol resin molding material improved in vibration/ abrasion resistance, heat resistance, dimensional stability, strength and stress relaxation, by mixing a glass fiber with an organic natural fiber and a silica powder at a specified ratio. CONSTITUTION:A filler is obtained by mixing 90-95wt.% glass fiber of a fiber length of 1-6mm with 2-5wt.% organic natural fiber (e.g., opened pulp) of a fiber length <=1mm and 3-5wt.% silica powder of a mean particle diameter <=5mu. 55-65wt.% this filler is added to a resol phenol resin, and the obtained mixture is melt-kneaded by heating and pelletized or sheeted.

Bobbin and its manufacture

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make it possible to take up a fiber even at very high speed by forming a bobbin of two plastic layers whose outer layer is softer than their inner layer, and reinforcing at least either of the layers with a stiffener. CONSTITUTION:A stiffener 3 is plugged between the inner layers 2 of a bobbin. An organic or inorganic fiber (synthetic fiber such as polyester, nylon or the like, natural fiber such as cotton, hemp or the like, carbon fiber and alumina fiber) is used as the stiffener 3. The bobbin is therefore improved in strength, and not damaged or deformed when it is rotated at very high speed, and can be reused. Urethane resin or UV hardenable resin is used as an outer layer 1, and the urethan resin, epoxy resin or the UV hardenable resin as the inner layer 2. The outer layer 1 is a plastic layer softer than the inner layer 2, and has proper elasticity, and the inner layer 2 has the modulus of elasticity higher than that of the outer layer 1. Consequently, when the fiber is taken up at very high speed, it is not damaged and deformed.

Comparative Studies on the Thermal Behavior of Natural and Synthetic Fibers

Abstract: Three types of fibers from different origins were subjected to thermal degradation through thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. Activation energies of the samples were calculated from the kinetics of the weight loss. The differences between the obtained values are discussed on the basis of structure and composition differences.

Core cloth for clothing

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a heat-welding type interlining having anti-pilling properties against surface friction caused by laundry or the like, and durability by integrally carrying out embossing finish of an upper layer comprising a fiber web obtained by blending a thermoplastic anti-pilling fiber in a specific proportion, and a lower layer comprising a chemical fiber and a natural fiber. CONSTITUTION: This heat-welding type interlining for clothes, excellent in touch feeling and having durability against surface friction at the time of laundry, dry cleaning and wearing is obtained by integrally laminating an upper layer comprising a fiber web obtained by blending >=90 wt.% thermoplastic anti-pilling fiber having 2-3 g/d fiber strength (e.g. an anti-pilling polyester fiber) with a normal polyester fiber, with a lower layer comprising a fiber web obtained by using one or more kinds selected from chemical fibers natural fibers and the like, and applying an embossing finish to the laminated product under an embossing condition under which the anti-pilling fiber can be heat-welded. The interlining is also suitable for washable clothes.