Showing papers on "Natural fiber published in 1990"

The Influence of Coupling Agents On Mechanical Properties of Composites Containing Cellulosic Fillers

Abstract: Three different cellulosic fibers-a mechanical pulp, wood flour, and cellulose pulp-were used as filler in high-density polyethylene (HDPE). the addition of wood fiber in HDPE increased the stiffness of the composites while the tensile strength decreased. to improve the adhesion between the filler and the polymer matrix, wood fibers were pretreated with a silane coupling agent/polyisocyanate before compounding with the polymer. Tensile strength increased from 18.5 MPa (untreated fiber) to 35.2 MPa in isocyanate-treated fiber composites. Analysis of the filler cost/performance showed the advantage of wood fiber over glass fiber and mica.

X-ray diffraction of gelatin fibers in the dry and swollen states

Abstract: The aim of this x-ray diffraction investigation is to establish a comparison between the structure of collagen and that of gelatin gels. The gelatin gels are drawn into fibers, which are dried before use. The xray scattering patterns of the gelatin fibers show a close analogy with collagen, which provides evidence for the presence of bundles of triple helices in the dried, oriented gels. The mechanisms of swelling of the gelatin fibers are identified by investigating the humidity-sensitive position of the equatorial spots related to the side-by-side distance D of the triple helices. The distance D increases continuously as more water is added to the fibers; this is accompanied by a progressive loss of orientation of the triple helices with respect to the fiber axis. The temperature dependence of the x-ray patterns is also investigated. We discuss the implications of this study for understanding the gelation mechanisms and the structure of gelatin gels. Comparisons are made with other physical gels.

Chemical modification of jute fibers. I. Permanganate-initiated graft copolymerization methyl methacrylate onto jute fibers

Abstract: A study on the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto defatted jute fibers by using potassium permanganate as initiator has been made. To determine the optimum conditions for grafting, the effects of permanganate, monomer, acid, alkali treatment, time, and temperature on percentage of grafting have been studied. Kinetic studies showed that the overall reaction obeyed second order mechanism. The activation energy of the reaction has been found to be 4.34 kcal/mol. A suitable mechanism for the grafting process has been proposed. The grafted fibers have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, DTG, and DTA). It has been found that chemical modification of jute fiber by grafting process using permanganate as the initiator does not improve the tensile properties of the fibers.

Effects of the surface treatments of lignocellulosic fibers on their debonding stress

Abstract: This paper presents some results on the surface treatments given to natural fibers, namely coir, banana, and sisal fibers, using γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO), y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AMEO), sodium alginate (NaAl), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions. The cleaned, washed, and dried fibers were dipped in these solutions separately for a given time and dried. Treated and untreated fibers were tested for strength properties including debonding stress, and structural analysis of the fibers was carried out. It was found that a 3-11% increase in debonding stress was observed for all the treated fibers; and about 30% increase in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 9% in initial modulus for silane-treated coir, and only 18% increase in UTS for NaAl-treated coir and sisal fibers were also observed. No significant improvement was observed in the case of surface-treated banana fibers.

A natural fiber product coated with a thermoplastic binder material

Abstract: Discontinuous natural fibers have a coating of a thermoplastic binder. A substantial majority of the fibers and any fiber bundles are unbonded to one another by the thermoplastic binder material. One or more solid particulate materials may be adhered to the fibers by the binder material. The binder material is heat fusible and the coated fibers can be mixed with other fibers for subsequent heat bonding and used in producing a wide variety of products.

Graft copolymerization onto wool fibers: Grafting of acrylamide onto wool fibers initiated by potassium monopersulphate/Fe (II) redox system

Abstract: Graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) onto wool fibers has been studied in aqueous solution with a new redox initiating system, KHSO5/Fe(II) For estimation of comparative influence of salts and selection of reaction medium, grafting has also been studied in the presence of a multitude of inorganic salts and some organic solvents It was observed that the graft percentage was influenced by the reaction time, temperature, concentration of monomer initiator, FeSO4, and the base polymer A maximum graft percentage of 1205% was obtained at 35°C with the concentration of AM (08M), KHSO5 (00195M) and Fe (II) (25 X 10-3M) for reaction time of 2 h From the experimental results, a suitable reaction mechanism for graft initiation and termination has been suggested The water retention of the grafts and their behavior towards mineral acids and alkalis have been tested The tensile strength and the thermal stability of the grafts have also been determined and compared with the base

Dyes for Polyester Fibers

Abstract: Dyes traditionally used for natural fiber coloration were water-soluble or solubilized prior to use and required salt linkages or van der Waals forces to impart affinity for the fiber. The dyes may be insolubilized within the natural fiber after being applied in a water-soluble form, or they were made to react chemically with the fiber to prevent their removal.

Fabric featured in water-absorption and quick drying

Abstract: The utility model relates to a fabric featured in water-absorption and quick drying, which is the two-layer or three-layer fabric, the feed stock is reasonably collocated according to the difference of the water absorption character of the different feed stock, and meanwhile, the structure of the multiple layer weft knitting fabric is reasonably designed. The sweat of the inside layer is transferred to the middle layer or the outer layers through the capillary pipes under the wicking action, as the exchanging surface of the hygroscopic fiber and the air is enlarged, the moisture can be evaporated easily, and the inner layer contacted with the skin can keep dry. The textile fabric can use the feed stock such as the natural fiber, the chemical fiber, the blended yarn of the chemical fiber and the natural fiber, the thick chemical fiber, the thin chemical fiber, etc. The utility model is suitable for the heavily sweating occasions such as the active sports and the hard physical labor.

Cloth for ink jet printing

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a cloth for ink jet printing, resistant to blotting and giving a printed image having high quality by attaching a water-soluble polymer in granular form on the surface of fiber and between fibers. CONSTITUTION:Particles of a water-soluble polymer (e.g., natural sizing agent such as starch or synthetic sizing agent such as PVA) having particle diameter of <=20mum are uniformly attached to the surface of fiber and between fibers of a cloth composed of chemical fiber or natural fiber in an amount of 0.1-20wt.% (based on the weight of the cloth). The cloth is dyeable by ink jet printing without causing blotting and a clear and sharp printed image is obtained. The water-soluble polymer is preferably a W/O-type emulsion produced by using mineral turpentine and a surfactant, etc.

Cp/MAS 13C NMR study of never‐dried cotton fibers

Abstract: Never-dried, dried and wetted cotton are compared..It is found that the degree of cristallinity of cotton fibers increases with the growth of the cotton fiber.Some distortion of the molecular chain produced by drying of never-dried cotton fiber is relaxed by wetting.

Water-absorbing composite material and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject composite material exhibiting high rate of water- absorption and excellent water-absorbing capacity by dispersing powder of a highly water-absorbing resin in an organic solvent solution containing a polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight higher than a specific level at a specific concentration and spraying the obtained coating agent against a bulky fiber material. CONSTITUTION:A coating agent (having a viscosity of =100,000 as a binder. The obtained coating agent is sprayed against a fiber material (e.g., web or felt) of natural fiber or synthetic fiber to obtain the objective water-absorbing composite material having high rate of water-absorption. The material is suitable as a paper diaper, etc.

Electrical properties of ramie fibres

Abstract: We make a in-depth systematic study of the electrical properties of powdered ramie fibre samples instead of a bundle of fibres, under different conditions, to achieve a better understanding of the structure property relation in this cellulosic fiber

Electromagnetic shielding sheet

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a conductive sheet with a dust-free property and an excellent lamination characteristic by establishing a hot-melt resin layer on at least one side of the conductive sheet which is obtained by making paper from material fiber blended with a specific amount of conductive fiber. CONSTITUTION:For conductive fiber, metal such as stainless steel, brass, copper or aluminum or metal fiber made of alloy of these metals, or metallized fiber, which is natural fiber, synthetic fiber or inorganic fiber plated or coated with metal and is surface treated, is desirable. For thermal molten resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc., would be nice. First, pulp, a paper reinforcing agent, an adhesive and other material are added to the conductive fiber and a conductive sheet 2 is manufactured by a wet paper manufacturing method. At this time, the ratio of the conductive fiber to be blended is 30 to 95wt.% to the obtained fiber. Then, a hot-melt resin layer 1 is established on both sides or one side of the conductive sheet. By this method, the sheet is free of exfoliation or cracking after a long time use and has an excellent lamination characteristic and a dust-free property.

Production of synthetic fiber yarn having antibacterial property and modified feeling

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject antibacterial fiber yarn having washing resistance and a feeling similar to natural fiber by applying a polyamino acid-type resin solution containing an antibacterial component to a synthetic fiber yarn immediately after the false-twisting of the yarn and drying the yarn under over-feeding CONSTITUTION:A synthetic fiber filament such as polyamide fiber is false- twisted and immediately coated with a solution of a polyamino acid resin (eg, polymer of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, etc) containing an antibacterial component The amount of the resin attached to the yarn is >=01wt% based on the yarn and that of the antibacterial component is >=005wt% The coated yarn is dried under over-feeding to obtain a modified antibacterial synthetic fiber having improved bulkiness, high washing resistance and a soft feeling similar to the feeling of natural fiber

Method for treatment of heat transfer printing for base fabric, such as natural fiber

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable heat transfer without any limitation on pattern shear and kind of color by applying a polyester resin in the form of a plane onto a woven or knitted fabric prepared from natural fiber, a blend yarn, etc., containing the fiber and then carrying out heat transfer printing. CONSTITUTION:A polyester resin solution is applied to a base fabric of a woven or knitted fabric prepared from natural fiber or by mixed spinning of the natural fiber with chemical fiber, pressurized and permeated thereinto to form the above-mentioned resin in the form of a plane. Heat transfer printing can be then carried out by a conventional method to provide a printed product with sharp cut patterns without pattern shear and roughness. Effectiveness of the above-mentioned method is extremely high.

Production of sheet

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a sheet excellent in sound insulation, sound absorptivity, mechanical strength and flexibility by compression, at a specified compression rate, of a sheet base comprising woven or nonwoven fabric partly or wholly impregnated with bond curing agent. CONSTITUTION:(1) A single or composite sheet base consisting of woven of nonwoven fabric made of natural fiber such as cotton or wool or synthetic fiber such as PP, PE or rayon is partly or wholly impregnated, e.g., a spraying technique, with (2) a bond curing agent consisting of polyurethane prepolymer or its combination with a tin catalyst or natural or synthetic rubber latex followed by hot pressing at a compression rate 5-90%. If 90%, being poor in flexibility.

Highly hygroscopic conductive fiber

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the subject fiber having excellent moisture absorptivity, moisture permeability and electrical conductivity and a feeling similar to natural fiber by kneading superfine powder of an animal protein fiber and superfine powder of metal, etc., to a polymer such as synthetic fiber and spinning the kneaded mixture. CONSTITUTION: Superfine powder of an animal protein fiber 2(e.g. collagen fiber) and superfine powder of metal, carbide, etc., 3 (preferably Al, carbon, etc.) are kneaded to one or more kinds of fibers 1 selected from synthetic fiber (preferably nylon, etc.), semisynthetic fiber (preferably acetate fiber) and regenerated fiber (preferably rayon) and the kneaded mixture is spun (preferably by core-sheath conjugate spinning using the kneaded composition as the core or the sheath component) to obtain the objective fiber. The moisture-absorptivity and permeability, etc., can be further improved by adding superfine powder of a water-soluble substance (preferably water-soluble gelatin, etc.) to the kneaded composition, kneading the mixture, spinning the composition and removing the water-soluble substance from the spun fiber by washing with water to form a number of through holes. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio

Functional stock, its manufacture and slit yarn for woven knitted fabric

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce the functional stock with desired function, while the sufficient strength of paper is obtained and soft feeling, hand and dyeing properties are kept by constituting the stock with the functional layer with which functional fiber is mixed and the reinforcing layer composed of organic stock. CONSTITUTION:Functional stock has a two layer construction wherein the reinforcing layer 3 composed of only ordinary organic fiber is bonded to the functional layer 2 is which functional fiber is mixed with ordinary organic fiber. As the functional fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic fiber, glass fiber, metallic fiber, inorganic fiber or metallized fiber etc., is used. These materials have the prescribed function such as conductive function, charge removing function magnetism-shielding function, temperature-keeping property and deodorizing function. As the organic fiber mixed with the functional layer 2 and the organic fiber constituting a reinforcing fiber 3, natural fiber and synthetic fiber are used. These materials have the function such as soft feeling, hand or dyeing properties proper to the organic fiber. The reinforcing layer has the basis weight of 5g/m or more and 15g/m or less. The functional layer 12 is nipped between a pair of reinforcing layers in the functional stock of three layer construction.

Wipe off material for fats and oils

Abstract: PURPOSE:To easily and quickly remove a stain of oils on household furniture and human skin, without damaging a human body by forming a material with a specific fats and oils organic solvent and a fiber body impregnated with it CONSTITUTION:A fiber body is a mixed body of a soft fiber and a hard fiber with their ratios on either thickness or hardness is 10 or greater for the hard fiber against 1 for the soft fiber, and is formed with a nonwoven fabric 11 which is formed with a soft fiber made of either a natural fiber or a synthetic fiber and a yarn of a hard fiber, and a natural fiber, a synthetic fiber, a synthetic resin hard fiber or a filaments 12 by which a nonwoven fabric is embroidered And, fiber body like this is impregnated with 5 to 30 percents of the apparent volume of the fiber body of a fats and oils organic solvent, which is made of a mixed component consisting of one of or combination of vegetable essential oils such as d-limonene, myrcene, sequiterpene and pinene, and mixing it with 5 to 40 percents of either or both of oleic acid and linolic acid

Manufacture of fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin molded body

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent a fiber-like reinforcing material from rising on the surface of a molded body and carry out the surface processing such as coating, printing, plating or the like easily by overlapping a net-shaped material at least on a part of the outer surface of a composite material composed of a fiber-like reinforcing material and thermoplastic resin and heat pressure molding the same in a mold CONSTITUTION:A mixture composed of 50-90wt% of powder thermoplastic resin having approximately 1mm diameter or less and 50-10wt% of chopped strand having 3-25mum diameter and 3-50mm length is put into water in which a surface active agent is added preliminarily, agitated and foamed sufficiently, and both are dispersed, and then a mixed sheet (web) manufactured by filtering the foams (water) through a filter is dried Then, said material is fed into a mold and net-shaped materials of 3mm or less mesh interval are laminated at least on a part of the outer surface of said material As for the net-shaped material, inorganic fibers such as natural fiber like cotton and glass fiber can be used At the time of molding, heating is carried out at the temperature higher by 20-60 degC than the melting point of thermoplastic resin to be used, and approximately 05-400kg/cm pressure is applied

Decomposable nonwoven fabric sheet and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a nonwoven fabric having excellent strength and water resistance, decomposable and extinguishable in soil, by subjecting web comprising cellulosic natural fiber, etc., to water punching using an aqueous solution of chitosan salt as a jet fluid, adjusting to proper build-up and drying. CONSTITUTION: Web is made from a cellulosic natural fiber, a regenerated fiber, a cellulosic semisynthetic fiber or a mixed fiber thereof by a web forming machine, subjected to water punching by a water needling machine using an aqueous solution of chitosan salt (e.g. solution prepared by dissolving 0.2-1.0% chitosan in 0.2-1.0 aqueous solution of acetic acid, etc.) as a jet fluid, adjusted to 0.5-5 pts.wt. (solid content) build-up based on 100 pts.wt. fiber (solid content) by a vacuum dehydrator, mangle, etc., and dried to give a nonwoven fabric suitable as a disposable nonwoven fabric, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

Prevention of stiffening of fiber

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent stiffening of fiber by newly impregnated treating agent for quality improvement by adding preventing agent of stiffening in viscous liquid state at normal temperature to treating agent for fiber. CONSTITUTION:As a counterplan preventing stiffening generating in treatment of natural fiber or synthetic fiber, etc., for improvement of quality, liquid paraffin, polybutene or dialkylpolysulfide expressed by the formula (R1 and R2 are 1-20C alkyl; m is 1-2) is added to the treating agent and the fibers are impregnated in resultant treating agent, thus stiffening of fibers to be treated is prevented and flexibility same as before the treatment is preserved.

Absorbing sheet for pet animal

Abstract: PURPOSE:To form absorbing sheet for pet animal having excellent liquid- absorbing speed, liquid-absorbing ability and wet strength by applying water- repelling treatment or joining with liquid-impermeable film to one face of sheet comprising compressed cellulosic sponge material containing reinforcing fiber. CONSTITUTION:One face of a sheet composed of compressed cellulosic sponge material containing reinforcing fiber is subjected to water-repelling treatment or joined with liquid-impermeable film to form the subject sheet. Water- absorbing and swelling polymer is preferably contained in the compressed cellulosic sponge material. For instance, natural fiber such as ramie, cotton or pulp or various chemical fiber (e.g. rayon yarn or polypropylene yarn) is utilized as reinforcing fiber. As water-repellent, conventional silicone-based or fluororesin-based agent is shown and film of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or polyvinyl chloride, etc., is utilized as liquid-impermeable film.

Blended yarn of acrylic fiber and natural fiber produced by air false-twisting method

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject blended yarn having bulkiness, silky feeling and milky luster by using a blended fiber bundle composed of an acrylic fiber and a specific natural fiber containing acrylic fiber as a raw material and spinning the fiber bundle with an apparatus provided with an air-ejection nozzle forming air streams rotating in opposite directions. CONSTITUTION:A roving 2 composed of a mixed fiber bundle consisting of (A) a natural fiber containing 20-95% of acrylic fiber based on the whole yarn and having a maximum fiber length of 150-240mm and an average fiber length of >=40mm (measured by Barbey method) and (B) an acrylic fiber having a fineness of =55mm (measured by Barbey method) is drawn from a can 1, passed through a drafting mechanism composed of roller pairs 3, 5, 6, etc., and supplied to a pneumatic flase-twisting spinning frame composed of two air-ejection nozzles 7, 9 forming gyration air streams rotating in opposite directions to obtain the objective blended yarn Y containing >=50 fibers constituting the yarn in the cross-section of the blended yarn.

Base material sheet for constructing industrial roll

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject sheet having excellent initial modulus, recovery after high-nipping pressure, dehydrating properties and permanence by laminating specific nonwoven fabric of continuous fiber and bulky short fiber layer, treating of needle-punching and attaching NBR binder. CONSTITUTION:(A) Continuous fiber such as polypropylene is bound by needle- punching, etc., to obtain nonwoven fabric 1 having 1.0-1.5kg/cm 3% modulus. Said nonwoven fabric is laminated with (B) bulky short fiber layer 2 formed with short fiber of natural fiber such as cotton or wool or synthetic fiber such as polyamide or acrylics, then needle-punching treatment of 30-100P/cm is performed and interlaced as one body to obtain a composite fiber mat. Next, (C) 100-200pts.wt. (based on fiber weight of said mat) NBR binder 3 is attached to said mat to afford the aimed sheet.

Fibre mortar and fibre concrete well cover

Abstract: The utility model relates to a fiber mortar or fiber concrete well cover which is made of mortar or concrete mixed with steel fiber, or glass fiber, or chemical fiber, or natural fiber The longitudinal sections of the stiffening ribs of the fiber mortar or fiber concrete well cover form fish-belly shapes and are radial, and the stiffening ribs are matched with steel bars Compared with the existing cast-iron well cover, the weight and the cost of the fiber mortar or fiber concrete well cover are all reduced by one half The fiber mortar or fiber concrete well cover has good impact resistance The fiber mortar or fiber concrete well cover is not easily rusted and eroded and is not easily lost; the fiber mortar or fiber concrete well cover can be used for the well covers of the pipelines of drainage, rain water, sewage, heating, sanitation, electric power and fire and the inspection wells of various underground pipelines

Method for finishing resin of natural fiber product

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable resin finish without exerting a bad influence upon handle and strength by dipping a natural fiber product into an aprotic polar solvent containing a reactive resin finishing agent and reaction accelerating catalyst and heat-treating the dipped fiber product under specific conditions to react the natural fiber product with the resin finishing agent CONSTITUTION:A natural fiber product is dipped into an aprotic polar solvent (eg dimethylsulfoxide) containing a resin finishing agent (eg amino resin or epoxy resin) reactive with the above-mentioned fiber, catalyst capable of promoting solid-liquid surface reaction and surfactant, preferably of an amphipatic compound and then heat-treated under conditions suppressing evaporation of the above mentioned solvent to rapidly react the natural fiber with the resin finishing agent The shrink-resistance, yellowing resistance, chemical resistance, etc, of the natural fiber product is improved without exerting a bad influence upon the strength, etc, by the above-mentioned method

Modified synthetic fiber yarn and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the title yarn having excellent functions such as water absorption properties, water vapor absorption and antistatic properties and flexible handle by coating synthetic fiber yarn with a specific amount of a specific polyamino acid-based resin and then partially saponifying a specific amount of ester bond part of the resin. CONSTITUTION:Synthetic fiber yarn (filament or stable base) such as polyamide or polyester is provided with >=0.1% calculated as solid content of resin of a solution of a polyamino acid-based resin (e.g. poly-gamma-methyl-L-glutamate) containing a carboxylic acid ester group at side-chain end, dried, then partially saponified in such a way that ester bond part of the resin has 5-70% degree of saponification to give modified synthetic fiber yarn having extremely improved water absorption properties, water vapor absorption and antistatic properties and flexible handle close to natural fiber.

Production of sheet from wood flour and bark

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a pollution-free sheet useful as a building material, construction material, agricultural material, stockbreeding material, etc, at a low cost while effectively utilizing sawdust, etc, discarded hitherto as industrial wastes by compounding wood flour, etc, with natural fiber, etc, and forming the mixture into a sheet with a wet paper-making machine CONSTITUTION:The objective sheet can be produced by compounding wood flour and/or bark with at least one component selected from natural fiber, synthetic fiber, chemical fiber and synthetic pulp and forming the mixture into a sheet with a wet paper-making machine Preferably, the mesh size of the paper-making machine for the screening of the raw material is 30-120 mesh and the raw material is beaten to a freeness (Canadian freeness) of 100-700cc and compounded with >=5% of natural or synthetic fiber