Showing papers on "Natural fiber published in 1991"

Physical and mechanical properties of henequen fibers

Abstract: A study of morphology, physical, and mechanical properties of henequen (Agave fourcroydes) fibers have been performed in this article. It has been concluded that properties of the fibers are more uniform in their middle section. As other natural hard fibers, henequen has a relative high tenacity, low elongation at break and a low modulus. These properties suggest that the fiber could be used as reinforcing agent in composite materials.

Metal ion removal by dyed cellulosic materials

Abstract: Further studies on adsorption of different metal ions by the four dyed and undyed cellulosic substrates namely cotton fibers, bleached bamboo pulp, jute fibers, and sawdust were carried out. Different metal ions adsorbed were Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. The equilibrium metal adsorption was studied by EDTA method. The control and dyed substrates adsorbed these metal ions to a significant extent, thus providing an effective and cheap method for adsorption of costly but polluting and toxic metals like Pb2+ and Hg2+. The adsorption levels varied up to 95% for various substrate–dye–metal ion combinations.

Crosslinking structure of keratin: III. Rubberlike elasticity originating from non‐uniform structures of the swollen hair and wool fibers

Abstract: Hair and wool fibers treated with an 11 M LiBr solution containing N-ethylmaleimide showed typical rubberlike elasticity in a solution composed of equal volumes of 8 M LiBr and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Stress–strain relations of the swollen fibers were treated with a two-phase structural model: a mechanically stable phase of higher crosslinked domains and a rubbery phase with lower crosslink density. Stress–strain curves were analyzed by applying non-Gaussian chain statistics to the swollen keratin network, including microdomains, which act as reinforcing filler particles in rubber. Swollen hair showed about 2.3 times higher modulus than wool. It has been suggested that: (1) the difference in the modulus between the two keratins is attributable to the difference in the volume fraction of domains, and (2) the crosslink density of rubbery phase in hair is virtually identical to that in wool.

Production of waterproof cloth

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject waterproof cloth having a coating film with a high peel strength and simultaneously excellent in water repellency by treating the cloth with low temperature plasma in an atmosphere of a fluorine-containing gas and subsequently carrying out coating. CONSTITUTION:A cloth composed of a synthetic fiber, a natural fiber, a semi- synthetic fiber, etc., is treated with low temperature plasma in an atmosphere of a fluorine-containing gas, subsequently coated with a coating resin solution, e.g. using the floating knife method and heat treated to obtain the objective waterproof cloth where the formed coating film has a high peel strength, accordingly having a high water repellency.

Fiber having metallic thin film and production thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a fiber material having unique metallic color tone without deteriorating the original characteristics of the fiber by metallizing a fiber material composed of natural fiber using a target consisting of a metal having getter action, thereby forming a thin film of the metal on the surface. CONSTITUTION:A fiber material having a metallic color tone and a feeling quite different from that of original natural fiber is produced without varying the characteristic features of the natural fiber by placing a fiber material composed of natural fiber in e.g. a magnetron sputtering apparatus maintained to the state of reduced pressure or vacuum and sputtering e.g. in argon while removing the gas component (e.g. water) taking advantage of the gettering action of Nb, Ti or Ta and the cooling action of a cooling panel installed in the apparatus, thereby forming a thin metal film on the surface of the fiber material.

Car interior material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enhance the abrasion resistance by forming a web composed of a high m.p. fiber or natural fiber and a low m.p. fiber as an upper layer while forming a web composed of a high m.p. fiber reclaimed cotton or natural fiber reclaimed cotton and the low m.p. fiber or a fibrous material as a lower layer to interlace both layers by needle punching and melting the low m.p. fiber or fibrous material to integrate both web layers by pressing. CONSTITUTION:An upper layer web consisting of 60-90wt.% of a high m.p. fiber or natural fiber and 10-40wt.% of a low m.p. fiber and a lower layer web consisting of 40-80wt.% of high m.p. fiber reclaimed cotton or natural fiber reclaimed cotton and 20-60wt.% of the low m.p. fiber or an analogous shape material thereof are laminated to form a laminate wherein the wt. of the lower layer web is 1.5 times or more that of the upper layer web on a wt. basis and this laminate is subjected to needle punching on the surface side thereof to interlace both webs with each other and the low m.p. fiber is melted to integrate and mold both webs by pressing. As the high m.p. fiber, a polyester or polyamide fiber is used and, as the low m.p. fiber, a fiber composed of polypropylene, polyethylene or an ethylene/propylene copolymer can be used. By this method, surface abrasion resistance can be enhanced by compounding and using the low m.p. fiber even in a surface layer.

Raw material for antibacterial fiber structure

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject material having sufficiently high antibacterial property and good whiteness and light-fastness and useful for shirt, blouse, uniform, pajamas, etc., by using natural fiber, etc., as the outermost layer of a yarn having multilayer structure and using a specific antibacterial synthetic fiber as the layers other than the outermost layer. CONSTITUTION:The objective material is a yarn having multilayer structure and composed of the outermost layer made of natural fiber or regenerated cellulose fiber and at least one layer other than the outermost layer made of a synthetic fiber (e.g. polyester fiber) containing solid zeolite particle (preferably having an SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of <=14) holding ion of metal having antibacterial activity (e.g. Ag, Cu or Zn).

Base paper for thermal screen printing

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enhance dimensional stability and feed properties and to improve printing finish by constituting a porous support of a layer based on a natural fiber and a layer based on a synthetic fiber and providing a thermal layer to the surface of the layer based on the natural fiber. CONSTITUTION:For example, a layer having a wt. basis of 6g/m is formed using a natural fiber based on Manila hemp. by a papermaking process and a layer having a basis wt. of 6g/m is formed thereon using a polyester fiber by the same process to obtain a porous support of 12g/m of basis weight. A polyester film of 2mum thickness is bonded to the surface of the natural fiber layer of the porous support by an adhesive composed of a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer resin and a 0.2% MEK solution of a silicone resin is applied to the surface of the polyester film and dried to obtain base paper for thermal screen printing. Since one surface of the support is the layer based on the thermoplastic resin and the thermal layer is bonded to said layer and the porous layer based on the synthetic layer is provided to the surface opposite to the thermal layer in this base paper, the dimensional change difference of the surface and rear of the base paper due to the absorption and desorption of moisture is reduced and a curl is hard to generate and feed properties are improved. Further, the strength of the support itself is sufficient and the durability thereof in printing is also well.

Sputtering processing of fiber product

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a fiber product having excellent functionality and a resist pattern of high fashionability without using an adhesive by printing a fiber product with a water-soluble polymer, sputtering and then cleaning. CONSTITUTION:A fiber product made of synthetic fiber or natural fiber is printed with a water-soluble polymer such as natural polymer, e.g. cellulose or starch or synthetic polymer, e.g. polyacrylic acid, uniformly sputtered with a metal such as gold or silver or an alloy such as stainless steel or a metal oxide such as iron oxide or ceramics a solid thin layer and the water soluble polymer is removed by cleaning to give a fiber-product having a highly fashionable resist pattern.

The structure of never‐dried cotton fibers

Abstract: The X-ray photographs of fresh never-dried cotton fibers are compared with those of dried fibers. The crystallite size of never-dried cotton fibers shows no significant correlation with maturity and orientation and is about the same as those of dried cotton fibers.

Natural fiber reinforced molded product and manufacture thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enhance the strength of the product concerned and consequently decrease its thickness and, at the same time, reduce its weight by a method wherein pellets, each of which is prepared by bundling and solidifying a plurality of natural fibers, are mixed into the synthetic resin or ceramic molded product in order to strengthen the strength of the product. CONSTITUTION:The strength of the molded product concerned is strengthened by adding pellets 4, each of which is prepared by bundling and solidifying a plurality of natural fibers, into synthetic resin. Concretely, the product concerned consists of front surface rigid urethane resin layer 1, which was in contact with female mold, rear surface rigid urethane resin layer 2, which was in contact with male mold, foamed urethane resin layer 3 interposed between both said rigid urethane resin layers and pellets, which is made of natural fibers mixed into said foamed urethane resin layer by the predetermined mixing ratio. The mechanical load bearing capacity of the resultant rigid expandable urethane resin molded product becomes larger by the synergistic effect of urethane resin and pellet and consequently the strength of the product increases. Thus, the thinning of the molded product and the reduction of its weight are contrived.

Method for dyeing

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a dyed product having high fastness excellent in hand and body by homogeneously applying a white slurry of kaolin to a natural fiber product, drying the product, then subjecting the dried product to fixing treatment with an organic acid alumina compound and subsequently dyeing the resultant product according to a conventional method. CONSTITUTION:A white slurry of kaolin after removing iron causing a difficulty in dyeing is homogeneously applied to natural fiber (e.g. cotton, hemp, silk or wool) by dipping, etc., to carry out pretreatment. The pretreated fiber is then dipped in a fixing agent solution composed of an organic acid alumina compound, subjected to steaming treatment and then dyed with an acid dye, direct dye, etc., according to a conventional method. A bright dyed product, good in hand and excellent in fastness is obtained by the above-mentioned method, which is especially suitable for black dyeing.

Fiber-filled cushion body and manufacture thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To form a fiber-packed cushion body which is hardly set permanently after the use for a long period by laminating thin layer webs consisting of short fibers as main body and specifying the average repetitive compression restoration rate and the residual compression strain at 70 deg.C. CONSTITUTION:The short fiber used as base material is selected among the synthetic fiber such as polyester, polyacryl, polyamide, and polypropyrene, natural fiber such as cotton, hemp, silk, and wool, and the mixed fiber of the synthetic fiber and natural fiber or different kinds of synthetic fibers, and all fibers can be applied. The sufficiently defrayed short fiber is packed into a ventilating mold frame having an arbitrary shape by the air stream supplied by a fiber feeding fan. A fiber-packed cushion body which is formed by the packing into the mold frame has a structure having a stripes pattern which is formed by laminating a number of thin layer webs consisting of the short fibers in random arrangement. The fiber-packed cushion body possesses an average respective compression restoration rate of 85% or more and the residual compression strain at 70 deg.C of 25% or less.

Production of fiber material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To readily obtain various crease pattern by superimposing a heat- shrinkable fiber layer on the back of surface fiber layer, subjecting to needle punching and thermally shrinking. CONSTITUTION:A web layer of heat-shrinkable fiber is superimposed on the back of a web layer composed of synthetic or natural fiber such as polyester or polyamide, subjected to needle punching, heated to >= heat-shrinking temperature of the heat-shrinkable fiber and the heat-shrinkable fiber layer is thermally shrunk to readily form a crease pattern on the surface of the heat-shrinkable fiber layer not by embossing processing to damage surface handle. The heat- shrinkable fiber layer with the crease pattern is suitable as a surface material of carpet, sheet, etc.

Coated fabric with dry tough

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a coated fabric having dry and silky touch without stickiness by forming a film layer of a polymer having a specific glass transition temperature or below in which modified fibroin particles are scattered in the aforementioned polymer on one surface of a fiber structure. CONSTITUTION:A resin solution containing modified fibroin particles dispersed and blended in an emulsion of a synthetic polymer having <=0 deg.C glass transition temperature, e.g. a flexible polyacrylic acid ester resin, is applied to one surface of a fiber structure composed of a woven or knit fabric of natural fiber, synthetic fiber, etc., and heat-treated to afford a coated fabric having dry and silky touch. The aforementioned modified fibroin refers to as fine powder obtained by mixing fibroin prepared from raw silk waste with acrylic acid, reacting both, resinifying the resultant reaction product and then pulverizing the produced resin.

The Use of Natural Fiber in Cementitious Composites

Abstract: Variations in the mechanical properties of wood fiber reinforced cementitious (WRFC) materials containing treated fiber and water soluble polymers were investigated. Flexural strength is greatly improved by the addition of polymer. The interface bonding is enhanced by the fiber pre-treatment. The mechanism responsible for the strength increase in WRFC was studied by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Experimental results indicate that the increased strength results from an enhancement in the strength of the interface and reduced porosity.

Method for antifouling processing of fiber

Abstract: PURPOSE:To impart antifouling properties, excellent fouling removing properties and redeposition preventive performance to fiber by applying a treating agent containing a fluorine-based resin finishing agent and a water-soluble cellulosic derivative to the fiber and heat-treating the resultant fiber. CONSTITUTION:A mixture treating solution containing a fluorine-based resin finishing agent and a water-soluble cellulosic derivative (e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose) is applied to natural fiber, semisynthetic and synthetic fiber, etc., and the resultant fiber is then dried and heat-treated. The fiber to which the resin finishing agent is applied is capable of preventing foulings from sticking, readily removing once stuck foulings by washing and exhibiting redeposition preventive performance.

Porous thin paper employed for heat-sensitive stencil paper

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the subject porous thin paper having a density and a tensile strength in specified ranges, respectively, having improved dimensional stability, running property, etc., in an improved production efficiency by subjecting a mixture of natural fiber and inorganic short fiber in a specific ratio to a paper-making process. CONSTITUTION:>=50wt.% of carefully selected natural fiber, to provide porous thin paper having a density of 0.15-0.35g/cm and a ratio of 70-120% between tensile strengths in lateral and longitudinal directions.

Scouring method for natural fiber with lactobacillus

Abstract: PURPOSE:To dissolve pectin sticking to crude natural fibers to facilitate the filament separation of fiber strands, and eradicate various microorganisms to avoid fibers from being damaged and decomposed by spraying crude natural fibers with water and a solution in which lactobacillus is treated together with nutrients and holding them in the treated state. CONSTITUTION:Lactobacillus bacterium such as Lactobacillus plantarum is combined with nutrients and preferably a protecting agent to give a treated solution. Crude natural fibers such as flax fibers are sprayed with a combination of water and the treated solution and permitted to stand for a certain time to effect scouring.

Soft polyester nonwoven fabric

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a nonwoven polyester fabric having soft feeling and containing a conjugate polyester fiber consisting of a sheath component composed mainly of a polybutylene terephthalate polymer and a core component composed mainly of a polyethylene terephthalate polymer. CONSTITUTION: The objective nonwoven fabric excellent in handleability and resistance to fastener phenomenon and peeling of polymers of constituent fibers is produced by using (A) a coaxial core-sheath conjugate polyester fiber consisting of a sheath component composed mainly of a polybutylene terephthalate polymer and a core component composed mainly of a polyethylene terephthalate polymer and (B) a synthetic fiber such as acetate fiber or a natural fiber such as wool and hemp. The content of the conjugate polyester fiber in the nonwoven fabric is preferably ≥30%. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio