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Showing papers on "Natural fiber published in 1992"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, plain woven mats of mercerized sisal fiber have been impregnated with CNSL-formaldehyde resin to produce plain and corrugated laminated composites that have a mean tensile strength of 24.5 MPa and Young's modulus of 8.8 GPa.
Abstract: Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a natural monomer blend that has been condensation poylmerized with formaldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to produce a thermosetting resin. Plain woven mats of mercerized sisal fibre have been impregnated with CNSL-formaldehyde resin to produce plain and corrugated laminated composites that have a mean tensile strength of 24.5 MPa and Young's modulus of 8.8 GPa. Bending tests have demonstrated that the corrugated composites have adequate strength for roofing applications. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis has been used to assess the effect of simulated sunlight on composites as a function of time. After long irradiation times it has been deduced that the resin component of the composite undergoes further cross-linking whilst the reinforcing cellulosic sisal fibres suffer some degradation.

184 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the self-diffusion of water sorbed in wood pulp cellulose fibers was studied by using the pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) method.
Abstract: The self-diffusion of water sorbed in wood pulp cellulose fibers was studied by using the pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) method. The observed echo attenuation profiles deviate significantly from those of bulk liquids and can be decomposed into two components: one with a self-diffusion coefficient independent of the diffusion time, and one with an apparent diffusion coefficient that depends on the diffusion time. The relative amplitude of these two components for the different diffusion times used in the PGSE experiment is nearly constant. We attribute the two components to bulk water between cellulose fibers and to water in pores within the fibers, respectively. From the relative amplitude of the components and the known water content in the samples, the amount of water in pores inside the fibers was calculated to 1.4 g/g of cellulose fibers. The self-diffusion coefficient of the bulk water between the fibers is lower than that of neat water. This reduction is mainly caused by the obstruction effect of the cellulose fibers whereas the hydration effect is of minor importance. The apparent self-diffusion coefficient of water trapped in pores inside fibers is approximately one-third of that of the bulk water between fibers when the diffusion time is 12 ms and is reduced further by another factor of 3 when the diffusion time is increased to 80 ms. By using a sheet sample and applying the magnetic field gradient perpendicular or parallel to the sheet it was found that the diffusional motion of water in pores is anisotropic. These results indicate that the pores are elongated along the fiber axis having lengths ranging from a few micrometers up to 20 μm.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structural changes of silk fibers induced by heat treatment were investigated by thermomechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis, and refractive indices measurements.
Abstract: The structural changes of silk fibers induced by heat treatment were investigated by thermomechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis, and refractive indices measurements. Bombyx mori silk fibers exhibited only a slight contraction, while tussah silk fibers showed a prominent two-step contraction during the heating process. The dynamic storage modulus of B. mori fibers remained unchanged until the final decrease at about 170°C. The E' value of tussah fibers showed a slight increase ranging from 30 to 70°C and a final abrupt decrease at about 190°C. The broad peak of dynamic loss modulus showed a maximum at 220 and 230°C for B. mori and tussah silk fibers, respectively. The crystalline structure of silk fibers did not show any significant change regardless of heat treatment. The birefringence value of B. mori silk remained unchanged in the range from 25 to 240°C and then decreased, while that of tussah fibers decreased linearly. The isotropic refractive index increased for both silk fibers, even though with a different rate with increasing temperature. We proposed a schematic representation showing the structural changes of silk fibers induced by heat treatment, taking into account the changes in molecular orientation in the amorphous, laterally ordered and crystalline regions. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No positive correlation could be made between .OH formation capacity versus the tumor rates of rats that received peritoneal injections of either type of fibers or the literature values for the human mesothelioma mortality rates.
Abstract: As part of a program to study the effects of inhaled fibers, we characterized the capacity of various fibers to initiate hydroxyl radical (.OH) formation from hydrogen peroxide in a non-cellular system. We studied five natural fibers (erionite, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite and chrysotile) and two man-made fibers (JM code 100 glass fibers and glass wool). The fibers were incubated for 5 min at 37 degrees C with hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid in pH 7.0 aqueous solutions. The salicylate reacted with any .OH formed in these mixtures to produce stable addition products. The amount of .OH addition products formed during the incubations was determined by the salicylate assay which uses HPLC with electrochemical detection. Erionite, JM code 100 and glass wool were the most effective initiators of .OH formation, followed, in order, by crocidolite, amosite and chrysotile. When the capacity of the natural fibers to initiate .OH formation was plotted versus either the values for tumor rates of rats that received pleural inoculations of fibers or the literature values for the human mesothelioma mortality rates, positive correlations (r2 > or = 0.896) were found. Similar correlations with man-made fibers were not found. No positive correlation could be made between .OH formation capacity versus the tumor rates of rats that received peritoneal injections of either type of fibers.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the Conder and Young (CY) and the peak maximum (PM) methods were used to estimate the retention time of n-alkane probes on chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) wood fibers treated with a low molecular weight grade phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR).
Abstract: The Conder and Young (CY) and the peak maximum (PM) methods were used to estimate the retention time of n-alkane probes on chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) wood fibers treated with a low molecular weight grade phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR). Thermodynamic functions (ΔHao, ΔGao, and ΔSao) and the London dispersive component of the surface energy were derived from these retention times. Treated wood fibers show a high energy surface due to the presence of the thermoset resin on their surface. Values of ΔHao obtained from the CY method were higher than those obtained with the PM method at relatively high temperatures and with relatively low molecular weight alkanes. The results from the two methods were identical at low temperature (293 K) and with the relatively high molecular weight alkane n-undecane.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the wide angle pattern of wool fibers, authentic data on orientation can be obtained from the azimuthal intensity of 0.465 nm equatorial reflection only as the other reflections are composite and difficult to resolve.
Abstract: In the wide angle pattern of wool fibers, authentic data on orientation can be obtained from the azimuthal intensity of 0.465 nm equatorial reflection only as the other reflections are composite and difficult to resolve. It was found that the orientation of the crystalline phase increases on stretching and its magnitude depends on relaxation conditions. Among the three wools studied, Merino fibers show the lowest crystallite orientation as compared to that of Lincoln and Chokla wools

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, thermal properties of three different breeds of sheep, viz. Lincoln, Chokla, and Merino, were investigated and correlated with structural and morphological differences between them.
Abstract: Thermally induced weight loss in the 100–700C range and length changes in the 25–450C range were monitored in wool fibers obtained from three different breeds of sheep, viz. Lincoln, Chokla, and Merino. Merino wool showed higher thermal expansion above its glass transition temperature, a broad and weak melting peak, and poor thermal stability. These and other differences in the thermal characteristics between the three wools have been correlated with the structural and morphological differences between them.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the transfer of cationic polymers from cellulose fibers to monodisperse polystyrene latex particles (PSL) has been studied using fluorescently labeled (dansylated) polyacrylamides of different molecular weights (MW).
Abstract: The transfer of cationic polymers from cellulose fibers to monodisperse polystyrene latex particles (PSL) has been studied using fluorescently labeled (dansylated) cationic polyacrylamides (DC-PAM) of different molecular weights (MW). The rate of transfer after 1 h preadsorption was in the following order: medium MW > high MW > low MW. It is interesting to note that DC-PAM with the highest MW (8 × 106) is transferred fairly easily, considering the fact that our previous work has shown that for such a high MW no exchange reaction takes place on PSL or on fibers. These results indicate that protruding segments of the polymer and the hydrodynamic shear play an important role in polymer transfer. Polymers with low MW (2 × 104), on the other hand, can penetrate rapidly into the pores of fibers and transfer is reduced. The charge density of the polymer did not greatly affect the polymer transfer. When the times between adsorption and start of transfer were short (5 min), polymers retransferred from PSL to fibers, and the transferred fraction converged approximately to the ratio of the charge on PSL to the charge on fibers.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a laminates of urea formaldehyde reinforced with natural fibers obtained from Mexican plants were used to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating low-cost yet strong engineering materials from natural sources which have not yet been conveniently explored.

14 citations


Patent
28 Aug 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the rubber balls containing an abrasive agent are used to impart a dyed natural fiber material such as woven or knit fabric of cotton, silk or hemp with an appearance similar to that of a stone-washed fabric while preventing the defects of the stone-washing treatment.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To impart a dyed natural fiber material such as woven or knit fabric of cotton, silk or hemp with an appearance similar to that of a stone-washed fabric while preventing the defects of the stone-washing treatment. CONSTITUTION:For example, indigo-dyed denim clothes are stirred and washed in water or in an aqueous solution of a detergent under frictional contact with solid rubber balls containing an abrasive agent. The rubber ball contains 10-50wt.% of abrasive such as MgO having particle size of 60-200 mesh. Extremely efficient treatment can be carried out by this process without causing the damage to the washer and the generation of abrasion scraps.

11 citations


Patent
06 Aug 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to continuously separate a solid, an artificial fiber and a natural fiber respectively from night soil or sewage containing the solid such as a stone or sand, the artificial fiber such as polyester/cotton yarn and the natural fiber comprising paper as impurities without containing other impurities.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To continuously separate a solid, an artificial fiber and a natural fiber respectively from night soil or sewage containing the solid such as a stone or sand, the artificial fiber such as polyester/cotton yarn and the natural fiber mainly comprising paper as impurities without containing other impurities. CONSTITUTION:A solid 5 such as a stone or sand is separated from night soil or sewage by a sand removing apparatus 3 and an artificial fiber such as polyester/cotton yarn is separated by the internal pressure type backwashing screen apparatus 9 arranged next to the sand removing apparatus 3 and this separated artificial fiber is recovered as a solid 40 through a fine screen apparatus 34 and a pressure type dehydrator 38. Impurities containing a natural fiber are quantitatively supplied to a feed screen apparatus 17 and a screw press 19 under constant pressure from a conditioning (storage) tank 13 to be recovered as the natural fiber 21 containing no other impurities. Since the impurities containing the natural fiber are quantitatively supplied to the separation apparatus under constant pressure to be separated under a constant condition, the clogging or pulsating phenomenon of the separation apparatus due to the excessive supply of impurities can be prevented.

Patent
30 Jul 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for printing on woven fabrics of natural fibers or of woven fabrics with a predominantly natural fiber component of cotton, wool, silk, linen, and the like, by means of a transfer printing method, is described.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for printing on woven fabrics of natural fibers or of woven fabrics with a predominantly natural fiber component of cotton, wool, silk, linen, and the like, by means of a transfer printing method, with the woven fabrics being materials, the surfaces of which do not demonstrate sufficient inherent affinity for the dyes to be transferred from the transfer paper to the substrate, where the woven fabric surface to be printed on is first pretreated in such a manner that transparent varnish is applied to these surfaces, where the varnish is a varnish which is at least free of natural resins, which, after it dries, can absorb and fix the sublimable dye or dyes of the transfer paper during a subsequent transfer printing process.

Patent
16 Mar 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a fluorine-based or a silicone-based water repellent is applied to one surface of a fiber structure composed of natural fiber, semisynthetic fiber or synthetic fiber, etc., according to a screen printing method, and the resultant fiber structure is then dyed by a conventional method to readily provide the objective fiber struc ture having multicolor dyed front and back surfaces by simple operation.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To readily obtain a dyed structure of multicolor dyed front and back surfaces different in shade between the front and back surfaces by providing a water repellent layer on one surface of a fiber structure and dyeing the fiber structure. CONSTITUTION:A fluorine-based or a silicone-based water repellent is applied to one surface of a fiber structure composed of natural fiber, semisynthetic fiber or synthetic fiber, etc., according to a screen printing method, etc., heated and fixed to form a water repellent layer. The resultant fiber structure is then dyed by a conventional method to readily provide the objective fiber struc ture having multicolor dyed front and back surfaces by simple operation.

Patent
22 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the subject fiber yarn having excellent strength, capable of sufficiently absorbing chemicals, lubricants, etc., and useful for a shoe-wiping mat, etc, by entangling two different kinds of specific fibers with a compressed air jet.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject fiber yarn having excellent strength, capable of sufficiently absorbing chemicals, lubricants, etc., and useful for a shoe-wiping mat, etc., by entangling two different kinds of specific fibers with a compressed air jet. CONSTITUTION:The objective fiber is produced by using (A) a chemical synthetic fiber having high fiber strength and low freeness of fiber (e.g. polyester fiber or acrylic fiber) and (B) a chemical synthetic fiber/natural fiber having water- absorptivity and washing resistance (e.g. vinylon fiber, rayon fiber or cotton) as raw materials, loosening the fibers with compressed air jet without doubling the fibers and partially melting and welding the chemical synthetic fibers e.g. by entangling the fibers with each other and partly intertwining the fibers or by doubling the fibers over the whole length and intermittently pressing a hot plate against the fiber part.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the maximum compression strength at room temperature was found to be 185 MPa at a processing temperature of 70 °C and a pressure of 650 bar, applied for 6 min, and the bulk density was 1350 kg/m3.
Abstract: A sort of composite material can be produced from a single kind of natural organic fiber. This has been observed with bovine leather. During the formation process in a die particulated leather fibers were subjected for a period of about 6 min to a pressure of over 100 bar at a processing temperature of between 60 and 200 °C. In this way a portion of these collagenous fibers was plastically deformed and converted into continuous matrix material in which unconverted fibers act as matrix reinforcement. Round, collagenous fibers assumed an angular cross section and became the building blocks of the continuous matrix. This is clearly visible on pictures made with a scanning electron microscope. At a processing temperature of 70 °C and a pressure of 650 bar, applied for 6 min, the maximum compression strength at room temperature is found to be 185 MPa. At these processing parameters Young's modulus is about 2.4 GPa and the bulk density is 1350 kg/m3. Other natural fibers, to be used as organic raw material for the production of composites, are currently under investigation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Stress relaxation studies were made on single fibers of Lincoln, Chokla, and Merino wool in water in the temperature range 2 −80°C as mentioned in this paper, and the differences in the viscoelasticity of the three wool types were related to differences in their fine structure and morphology.
Abstract: Stress relaxation studies were made on single fibers of Lincoln, Chokla, and Merino wool in water in the temperature range 2–80°C. Differences in the viscoelasticity of the three wool types were related to differences in their fine structure and morphology. Of the three wools, Merino fibers have the lowest crystalline content and the poorest fibril orientation and packing. This results in greater viscoelastic effects in this wool. Stress relaxation studies have been made in the Hookean, yield, and postyield regions, and the molecular mechanisms of stress relaxation have been discussed.

Patent
06 Nov 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a bifunctional monomer of formula I [R is directly bonded group of formula II, formula III, formula IV or CnH2n (n is 1-6); z is H or CH3; a and b are numbers to make a+b 0-50; x and y are numbers for making x+y 0-30 with the proviso that a+ b+x+y>=10], a monomer containing OH, COOH, NH2, sulfo group or phosphate group [e.g.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To readily obtain silk fibroin-graft polymer-processed fabric having silk luster, handle, washing resistance, repulsion and water vapor absorption by forming a coating film comprising a specific amount of silk fibroin-graft polymer on the surface of a fiber. CONSTITUTION:An aqueous solution of silk fibroin is blended with a bifunctional monomer of formula I [R is directly bonded group of formula II, formula III, formula IV or CnH2n (n is 1-6); z is H or CH3; a and b are numbers to make a+b 0-50; x and y are numbers to make x+y 0-30 with the proviso that a+b+x+y>=10), a monomer containing OH, COOH, NH2, sulfo group or phosphate group [e.g. (meth)acrylic acid] and a monomer containing an aziridine group or a polyfunctional compound containing two or more aziridine groups to give a treating solution, Fabric of natural fiber or synthetic fiber is immersed in the treating solution, graft polymerization is carried out on the fabric to attach 0.1-5% owf silk fibroin and 0.2-10% pwf coating film comprising the silk fibroin-graft polymer to the fabric. The prepared fabric has luster and water vapor absorption close to those of silk and shows scroop feellng of characteristic silk.

Patent
17 Nov 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, an antibacterial fiber is produced by supporting a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent, capable of keeping excellent antibacterial activity and resistant to the discoloration of the fiber over a long period by adding a specific discoloring preventing agent to a treating liquid to be contacted with the fiber.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an antibacterial fiber holding a specific antibacterial agent, capable of keeping excellent antibacterial activity and resistant to the discoloration of the fiber over a long period by adding a specific discoloration preventing agent to a treating liquid to be contacted with the fiber CONSTITUTION:An antibacterial fiber is produced by supporting a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent [eg inorganic compound (preferably zirconium phosphate) supporting silver ion] on a fiber base material such as natural fiber and chemical fiber In the above production process, eg in the process from the spinning to the final finishing, each treating liquid to be contacted with the fiber is incorporated with a discoloration-preventing agent consisting of methylbenzotriazole or its potassium salt expressed by formula (R is H or lower alkyl; R is H or alkali metal) The antibacterial fiber produced by this process is resistant to discoloration, free from discoloration over a long period in severe environment and keeps its mildew-proofing, antibacterial and algicidal actions

Patent
20 May 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a near infrared ray absorbing substance (i.e., polymethine based or phthalocyanine based near infrared-absorbing substance), capable of absorbing near infrared rays having 600-1000nm wavelength and a low temperature-reactive substance (e.g., blocked isocyanate polymer emulsion or organopolysiloxane prepolymer emulsion) are simultaneously applied to a fiber structure consisting of a natural fiber, regenerated fiber and synthetic fiber of the above-mentioned absorbing substance is applied thereto and then the low temperature reactive resin
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the fiber structure having excellent refresh feeling when worn by providing a near infrared ray absorbing substance and low-temperature reactive resin to a fiber structure and then subjecting the fiber structure to heat treatment. CONSTITUTION:A near infrared ray absorbing substance (e.g. polymethine based or phthalocyanine based near infrared ray-absorbing substance), capable of absorbing near infrared rays having 600-1000nm wavelength and a low temperature-reactive substance (e.g. blocked isocyanate polymer emulsion or organopolysiloxane prepolymer emulsion) are simultaneously applied to a fiber structure consisting of a natural fiber, regenerated fiber and synthetic fiber of the above-mentioned absorbing substance is applied thereto and then the low temperature-reactive resin is applied thereto and the fiber structure is subjected to heat treatment at <=150 deg.C to readily and inexpensively provide the fiber structure having above-mentioned infrared ray absorbing agent firmly fixed thereon and simultaneously having excellent refresh feeling and durability.

Patent
21 Sep 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a sheet-like oil adsorptive material is obtained by regulating natural fiber and the mixture to low density by mechanical treatment, and furthermore performing water-repellent treatment.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To make natural fiber or the mixture thereof with chemical fiber hydrophobic and to enhance oil adsorptive capacity by regulating natural fiber and the mixture to low density by mechanical treatment, and furthermore performing water-repellent treatment. CONSTITUTION:Natural fiber (i.e., wool) or the mixture thereof with chemical fiber such as polyester are regulated to low density by mechanical treatment. Furthermore, water-repellent treatment is performed thereon. In the regulating treatment to low density, for example, rotary rollers 2, 2 having acicular projections are rotated and wool 4 sent by a conveyor 3 is disintegrated. Thereby a sheetlike oil adsorptive material 1 regulated to low density is obtained. Further, cellulose fiber or the mixture thereof with chemical fibers are regulated to low density by mechanical treatment and, furthermore water-repellent treatment is performed. As a result, hydrophobic property is obtained and also oil adsorptive capacity is enhanced. Moreover, this oil adsorptive material is constituted of a natural high polymer having natural decomposability and thereby trouble of secondary pollution is avoided.

Patent
16 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the subject fiber having excellent moisture absorptivity, moisture permeability and heat-insulation property and a feeling similar to natural fiber was obtained by kneading superfine powder of an animal protein fiber and superfine powder of far infrared-radiation substance to a polymer such as synthetic fiber and spinning the kneaded mixture.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject fiber having excellent moisture absorptivity, moisture permeability and heat-insulation property and a feeling similar to natural fiber by kneading superfine powder of an animal protein fiber and superfine powder of far infrared-radiation substance to a polymer such as synthetic fiber and spinning the kneaded mixture CONSTITUTION:Superfine powder of an animal protein fiber 2 (eg collagen fiber) and superfine powder of far infrared-radiation substance 3 (preferably aluminum, etc) are kneaded to one or more kinds of polymers 10 selected from synthetic fiber (preferably nylon, etc), semisynthetic fiber (preferably acetate fiber) and regenerated fiber (preferably rayon) and the kneaded mixture is spun (preferably core-sheath conjugate spinning using the kneaded composition as the core or the sheath component) to obtain the objective fiber The moisture- absorptivity and permeability, etc, can be further improved by adding superfine powder of a water-soluble substance (preferably water-soluble gelatin, etc) to the kneaded composition, kneading the mixture, spinning the composition and removing the water-soluble substance from the spun fiber by washing with water to form a number of through holes

Patent
25 Feb 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a fiber web composed of cellulosic regenerated fiber or semisynthetic fiber with an interfibrous binder such as chitosan is constructed from fiber containing 5-50wt.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject nonwoven fabric, useful as packaging, medical and agricultural and horticultural applications, etc., and capable of regulating decomposition rate by bonding and fixing a fiber web composed of cellulosic regenerated fiber, etc., containing a specific carbohydrate, protein, etc., with an interfibrous binder such as chitosan. CONSTITUTION:One or more of carbohydrates (e.g. starch), proteins (e.g. casein) and synthetic compounds capable of promoting or suppressing decomposition with microorganisms are crushed into a size capable of spinning. A parallel web, etc., is constructed from fiber containing 5-50wt.% resultant crushed carbohydrates, proteins, etc., in cellulosic regenerated fiber or semisynthetic fiber or the above-mentioned fiber and natural fiber, and the aforementioned web is then bound and fixed with an aqueous solution of chitosan or fine cellulosic fiber-containing chitosan (prepared by dissolving the chitosan in a 0.5-1.0% aqueous solution of an organic acid so as to provide 0.5-1.0 % concentration and containing glycerol, etc., as a plasticizer) to afford the objective nonwoven fabric.

Patent
11 Sep 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a conjugate yarn is constructed from polyester-based filament yarn in which the core component is polyester staple fiber having 1-5 denier single fiber size, >=20% shrinkage factor in hot water, >=100 deg.C maximum peak temperature of the thermal stress and >=0.4g/denier maximum thermal stress value.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide conjugate spun yarn for obtaining high-density soft woven or nonwoven fabrics, rich in tenseness and stiffness and excellent in bulginess. CONSTITUTION:Conjugate spun yarn is constructed from polyester-based filament yarn in which the core component is polyester staple fiber having 1-5 denier single fiber size, >=20% shrinkage factor in hot water, >=100 deg.C maximum peak temperature of the thermal stress and >=0.4g/denier maximum thermal stress value, and the sheath component is fiber consisting essentially of polyester staple fiber having 0.1-5 denier single fiber size and <=15% shrinkage factor in hot water, consisting essentially of viscose-based staple fiber having 1-5 denier single fiber size or natural fiber such as cotton, hemp, silk or wool. The ratio of the aforementioned core component is <=60wt.% based on the whole.

01 Jul 1992
TL;DR: In this article, cellulosic fibers derived from a chemical wood pulp were added to low density flexible and rigid foams in weight fractions ranging from one to five parts-by-weight (pbw) of the polyol.
Abstract: Cellulosic fibers derived from a chemical wood pulp were added to low density flexible and rigid foams in weight fractions ranging from one to five parts-by-weight (pbw) of the polyol. Foams containing no fibers or milled glass fibers at five and ten pbw were used for comparison. Evaluation of selected properties of the foams revealed that low weight additions (2 pbw) of a fluffed cellulose fiber resulted in generally improved properties over foams containing no fibers, glass fibers, or an expanded cellulose fiber.

Patent
06 Oct 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to obtain the title fiber material useful for sheets, house-related materials, etc, having excellent tensile strength by continuously applying power to a specific mixture to cause a positional movement of molecules, segments, etc.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the title fiber material useful for sheets, house-related materials, etc, having excellent tensile strength by continuously applying power to a specific mixture to cause a positional movement of molecules, segments, etc, of a fiber aggregate, opening the fibers into diameter of fiber of <=a given value and swelling the fibers at their maximum CONSTITUTION:1 ptwt natural fibers such as cellulose or collagen are incorporated with 10-15 times as much water or oil as the natural fibers by weight to give a mixture, which is continuously provided with power to cause a positional movement of molecules and segments of the fiber aggregate, the fiber structure is microfibrillated, the fibers are opened into <=09mum diameter of fiber and swollen at their maximum to give the objective fiber material The fiber material preferably consists of an opened natural cellulose and collagen fibers opened to <=05mum diameter in a ratio of 1/09 to 1/11 by weight and preferably takes a sea island structure

Patent
24 Jun 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a peroxidase-immobilized fiber is immersed in an aqueous solution of a reduced form of dye (e.g. vat dye) to be insolubilized by oxidation and hydrogen peroxide at a normal temperature and dyed.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a dyeing method at a normal temperature capable of readily controlling a shade of color by using a fiber subjected to specific treatment. CONSTITUTION: A fiber such as a synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber or natural fiber, for example, is immersed in a keratin solution extracted from wool and keratin is adsorbed on the fiber. Disulfide bond of keratin is reduced by using dithiothreitol. On the other hand, a mixed solution of phosphoric acid containing peroxidase is reacted with N-succinimidyl-2-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP) to give an enzyme solution containing an end disulfide bond. Then the reduced fiber is immersed in the solution to give a peroxidase-immobilized fiber. Then, the peroxidase-immobilized fiber is immersed in an aqueous solution of a reduced form of dye (e.g. vat dye) to be insolubilized by oxidation and hydrogen peroxide at a normal temperature and dyed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

Patent
27 Aug 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a shape-memory resin is used to obtain the subject structure having excellent washing fastness by using a shapememory resin in combination with an isocyanate compound or treating a fiber structure with an organosilicon compound.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject structure having excellent washing fastness by using a shape-memory resin in combination with an isocyanate compound or treating a fiber structure with an organosilicon compound and applying a shape-memory resin layer to the fiber structure. CONSTITUTION:A fiber structure such as yarn, woven fabric or knit fabric of synthetic fiber, semi-synthetic fiber or natural fiber is immersed in a treating liquid containing a norbornene polymer as a shape-memory resin in combination with an isocyanate compound (e.g. tolylene diisocyanate) and dried and heat- treated to form 1g/m of a resin layer or the fiber structure is immersed in an aqueous dispersion of an organic diene compound [e.g. n-beta-(aminoethyl)-gamma- aminopropyltrimethoxy-silane], dried, treated with the above shape-memory resin liquid and heat-treated to obtain a shape-memory fiber structure having excellent wash resistance and crease-recovery without deteriorating the tear strength and feeling of the original fiber structure. The process is especially suitable for the treatment of hemp cloth.

Patent
12 Aug 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a fiber web is formed with a high-melting point fiber and low- melting point fiber having a melting point lower than the melting point of the highmelting-point fiber by mixing them, and the fiber web then is laminated to a cushioning material in the direction at right angles with the thickness direction of the cushion.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To manufacture a cushioning material made of a fiber which is stiff, hard to be dejected, has little aging and is superior in durability, by a method wherein the title material is obtained by fusing among the fibers each such as the synthetic fiber such as the polyester fiber or mixed cotton of the synthetic fiber, a natural fiber and rayon by heat fusion of a thermoplastic low-melting point fiber. CONSTITUTION:A fiber web is formed with a high-melting point fiber and low- melting point fiber having the melting point lower than the melting point of the high-melting point fiber by mixing them, the fiber web is laminated to a cushioning material in the direction at right angles with the thickness direction of the cushioning material, which is heated at a temperature between the melting points of the foregoing fibers and the low-melting point fiber is melted, through which spaces among the high-melting point fibers and interlaminar spaces of the foregoing fibers each are stabilized by heat fusion.

Patent
03 Jul 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose to enhance sound absorption performance and sound insulation performance by arranging a fiber having a specific size to occupy a specific weight percentage of a total amount of fiber.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To enhance a sound absorption performance and a sound insulation performance by arranging a fiber having a specific size to occupy a specific weight percentage of a total amount of fiber. CONSTITUTION: A fibrous raw material is prepared in such a fashion that fiber whose fibrous size is 30μ or less, preferably 10μ or less may be included by 20wt.% of a total amount of fiber out of fibrous raw material which comprises organic or inorganic natural fiber or synthetic fiber. thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin is mixed with the fibrous raw material, thereby producing fleece. The fleece is heated to form a raw fabric. The raw fabric is further pressure molded or heat-molded, thereby forming a sound insulating material. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO

Patent
07 Feb 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a method was proposed to obtain the swelling sheet excellent in liquid-absorbing speed and wet strength by a method in which on one surface of the liquid absorbing layer in which the water soluble salt of fiberlike carboxymethylcellulose crosslink-bonded by multiorganoleptic resin is kept in bonded state by thermal adhesive fiber, the surface layer which contains paper-making natural fiber is squeeze-bunded and laminated.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the swelling sheet excellent in liquid-absorbing speed and wet strength by a method in which on one surface of the liquid absorbing layer in which the water soluble salt of fiberlike carboxymethylcellulose crosslink-bonded by multiorganoleptic resin is kept in bonded state by thermal adhesive fiber, the surface layer which contains paper-making natural fiber is squeeze-bonded and laminated. CONSTITUTION:The liquid-absorbing layer, in which the multiorganoleptic resin for crosslinking bond of carboxymethylcellulose and thermal adhesive fiber are compounded with the dispersion liquid of fiberlike carboxymethylcellulose is obtained, and the paper-making raw material 3 which forms the liquid-absorbing layer is made into a paper on a paper-making short net 4, whereby a first wet paper 5 is formed. The paper-making raw material 6 which forms the surface layer 2 containing a paper-making natural fiber is made into a paper on a paper- making short net 7, whereby a second wet paper 8 is formed. The first and second wet papers 5, 8 are squeeze-bonded by a roll group 9 and becomes two layer-wet paper 11. The wet paper 11 is press-bonded and is dried under heating, whereby it becomes a laminate sheet 15. The laminated sheet 15 is coated with alkali liquid in the vessel 16 of alkali liquid, and the fiberlike carboxymethylecellulose in the liquid-absorbing layer becomes water soluble salt. The sheet is wound up as a product 20 through a drying drum 18 and a heating roll 19.