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Natural gas

About: Natural gas is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34934 publications have been published within this topic receiving 463388 citations. The topic is also known as: fossil gas & NG.


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Journal ArticleDOI
25 Sep 2009-Science
TL;DR: Amine scrubbing has been used to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas and hydrogen since 1930 and is ready to be tested and used on a larger scale for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants.
Abstract: Amine scrubbing has been used to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas and hydrogen since 1930. It is a robust technology and is ready to be tested and used on a larger scale for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. The minimum work requirement to separate CO2 from coal-fired flue gas and compress CO2 to 150 bar is 0.11 megawatt-hours per metric ton of CO2. Process and solvent improvements should reduce the energy consumption to 0.2 megawatt-hour per ton of CO2. Other advanced technologies will not provide energy-efficient or timely solutions to CO2 emission from conventional coal-fired power plants.

3,427 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Nov 2003-Nature
TL;DR: Natural gas hydrates have an important bearing on flow assurance and safety issues in oil and gas pipelines, they offer a largely unexploited means of energy recovery and transportation, and could play a significant role in past and future climate change.
Abstract: Natural gas hydrates are solid, non-stoichiometric compounds of small gas molecules and water. They form when the constituents come into contact at low temperature and high pressure. The physical properties of these compounds, most notably that they are non-flowing crystalline solids that are denser than typical fluid hydrocarbons and that the gas molecules they contain are effectively compressed, give rise to numerous applications in the broad areas of energy and climate effects. In particular, they have an important bearing on flow assurance and safety issues in oil and gas pipelines, they offer a largely unexploited means of energy recovery and transportation, and they could play a significant role in past and future climate change.

2,419 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
07 Mar 2013-Nature
TL;DR: A crystal engineering or reticular chemistry strategy that controls pore functionality and size in a series of MOMs with coordinately saturated metal centres and periodically arrayed hexafluorosilicate anions enables a ‘sweet spot’ of kinetics and thermodynamics that offers high volumetric uptake at low CO2 partial pressure (less than 0.15 bar).
Abstract: A series of porous crystalline materials known as metal–organic materials are prepared, and a full sorption study shows that controlled pore size (rather than large surface area) coupled with appropriate chemistry lead to materials exhibiting fast and highly selective CO2 sorption. Metal organic frameworks are porous crystalline materials widely studied as potential gas separation and storage materials for clean energy applications. A general trend in this field has been the development of materials with the largest possible surface area with the aim of maximizing uptake of gases. In this paper the authors generate a series of metal organic frameworks and carry out sorption experiments that suggest that surface area may not be as important as was thought. Rather, pore size, coupled with appropriate chemistry, are the keys to fast CO2 uptake and strong CO2 sorption. Materials designed on these principles attain high selectivity for CO2 over nitrogen, oxygen, methane and hydrogen even in the presence of moisture. The energy costs associated with the separation and purification of industrial commodities, such as gases, fine chemicals and fresh water, currently represent around 15 per cent of global energy production, and the demand for such commodities is projected to triple by 2050 (ref. 1). The challenge of developing effective separation and purification technologies that have much smaller energy footprints is greater for carbon dioxide (CO2) than for other gases; in addition to its involvement in climate change, CO2 is an impurity in natural gas, biogas (natural gas produced from biomass), syngas (CO/H2, the main source of hydrogen in refineries) and many other gas streams. In the context of porous crystalline materials that can exploit both equilibrium and kinetic selectivity, size selectivity and targeted molecular recognition are attractive characteristics for CO2 separation and capture, as exemplified by zeolites 5A and 13X (ref. 2), as well as metal–organic materials (MOMs)3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Here we report that a crystal engineering7 or reticular chemistry5,9 strategy that controls pore functionality and size in a series of MOMs with coordinately saturated metal centres and periodically arrayed hexafluorosilicate (SiF62−) anions enables a ‘sweet spot’ of kinetics and thermodynamics that offers high volumetric uptake at low CO2 partial pressure (less than 0.15 bar). Most importantly, such MOMs offer an unprecedented CO2 sorption selectivity over N2, H2 and CH4, even in the presence of moisture. These MOMs are therefore relevant to CO2 separation in the context of post-combustion (flue gas, CO2/N2), pre-combustion (shifted synthesis gas stream, CO2/H2) and natural gas upgrading (natural gas clean-up, CO2/CH4).

1,877 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the existing gas separation applications and the expected growth of these and potential new applications of gas separation membranes over the next 20 years are described in this paper, and improvements in gas separation technology needed to produce these changes in the membrane industry are also discussed.
Abstract: During the past 20 years, sales of membrane gas separation equipment have grown to become a $150 million/year business. More than 90% of this business involves the separation of noncondensable gases: nitrogen from air; carbon dioxide from methane; and hydrogen from nitrogen, argon, or methane. However, a much larger potential market for membrane gas separation lies in separating mixtures containing condensable gases such as the C3+ hydrocarbons from methane or hydrogen, propylene from propane, and n-butane from isobutane. These applications require the development of new membranes and processes. In this review, the existing gas separation applications are surveyed, and the expected growth of these and potential new applications of gas separation membranes over the next 20 years are described. The improvements in gas separation technology needed to produce these changes in the membrane industry are also discussed.

1,764 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This view provides an overview of the current status of metal-organic frameworks for methane storage and highlights their extraordinarily high porosities, tunable pore/cage sizes and easily immobilized functional sites.
Abstract: Natural gas (NG), whose main component is methane, is an attractive fuel for vehicular applications. Realization of safe, cheap and convenient means and materials for high-capacity methane storage can significantly facilitate the implementation of natural gas fuelled vehicles. The physisorption based process involving porous materials offers an efficient storage methodology and the emerging porous metal-organic frameworks have been explored as potential candidates because of their extraordinarily high porosities, tunable pore/cage sizes and easily immobilized functional sites. In this view, we provide an overview of the current status of metal-organic frameworks for methane storage.

1,375 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20231,249
20222,740
20211,272
20201,749
20192,048