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Naturalness

About: Naturalness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1305 publications have been published within this topic receiving 31737 citations.


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Book ChapterDOI
12 Sep 2012
TL;DR: This work proposes an approach that use human judgment of naturalness to optimize gesture generators and experimental results show that the framework can effectively improve the generated gestures based on the simulated naturalness criterion.
Abstract: An effective way to build a gesture generator is to apply machine learning algorithms to derive a model. In building such a gesture generator, a common approach involves collecting a set of human conversation data and training the model to fit the data. However, after training the gesture generator, what we are looking for is whether the generated gestures are natural instead of whether the generated gestures actually fit the training data. Thus, there is a gap between the training objective and the actual goal of the gesture generator. In this work we propose an approach that use human judgment of naturalness to optimize gesture generators. We take an important step towards our goal by performing a numerical experiment to assess the optimality of the proposed framework, and the experimental results show that the framework can effectively improve the generated gestures based on the simulated naturalness criterion.

4 citations

DOI
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: This research adopts the premise that a conceptual model should provide constructs for directly modelling knowledge, and defines a conceptual information systems model called MIMIC, which contains a corresponding set of constructs--object, attribute, class, specialized class, and composite class.
Abstract: Information systems (IS) development is viewed as a process of transforming users' knowledge about some subject matter into a computer-based system which faithfully represents that knowledge. A critical step in this process is conceptual modelling--the development of an implementation-independent representation of the relevant knowledge. While the importance of conceptual modelling has gained increasing recognition, many existing conceptual models remain based on software, rather than knowledge, constructs. This research adopts the premise that a conceptual model should provide constructs for directly modelling knowledge. Since the subject matter of organizational IS is typically things in organizations, theories of concepts (classification), which deal with the structure and organization of knowledge about things, are an appropriate source of modelling constructs. A classical theory of concepts suggests five knowledge constructs--instance, property, concept, specialization, and composition. The thesis develops formal definitions of each of these constructs. The notion of direct correspondence is then used to define a conceptual information systems model called MIMIC, which contains a corresponding set of constructs--object, attribute, class, specialized class, and composite class. The model offers several contributions to conceptual modelling research and practice, including: (1) minimal requirements for a "good" class structure; (2) naturalness of a lattice structure for class organization; (3) refinements to the meaning of IS-A connections between classes in a lattice; (4) distinction between simple relationships and those which can be regarded as objects; (5) simple foundation for treating time in conceptual modelling; and (6) a normative model of objects under the assumption that a fundamental objective of the object paradigm of computing is to provide a set of natural modelling constructs. The value of the model is further illustrated by using it as a framework to evaluate several other conceptual modelling approaches. The results of this comparison indicate that, while other models do support cognitive constructs to varying degrees, each is weak in supporting some elements of the classical view of concepts. Finally, a detailed example is used to demonstrate the capability of the model for uniformly representing knowledge across several classes of applications.

4 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 May 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed an any-to-one voice conversion method using hybrid bottleneck features extracted from CTC-BNFs and CE-BNF to complement each other advantages.
Abstract: Non-parallel data voice conversion (VC) have achieved considerable breakthroughs recently through introducing bottleneck features (BNFs) extracted by the automatic speech recognition(ASR) model. However, selection of BNFs have a significant impact on VC result. For example, when extracting BNFs from ASR trained with Cross Entropy loss (CE-BNFs) and feeding into neural network to train a VC system, the timbre similarity of converted speech is significantly degraded. If BNFs are extracted from ASR trained using Connectionist Temporal Classification loss (CTC-BNFs), the naturalness of the converted speech may decrease. This phenomenon is caused by the difference of information contained in BNFs. In this paper, we proposed an any-to-one VC method using hybrid bottleneck features extracted from CTC-BNFs and CE-BNFs to complement each other advantages. Gradient reversal layer and instance normalization were used to extract prosody information from CE-BNFs and content information from CTC-BNFs. Auto-regressive decoder and Hifi-GAN vocoder were used to generate high-quality waveform. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieves higher similarity, naturalness, quality than baseline method and reveals the differences between the information contained in CE-BNFs and CTC-BNFs as well as the influence they have on the converted speech.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two theoretical concepts that business comunication teachers usually deal with to a large extent in their classes are the &dquo;You Attitude and naturalness concepts as mentioned in this paper, which emphasize the importance of developing messages around the interests, needs, problems, etc. of the receiver, rather than those of the sender.
Abstract: Two theoretical concepts that business comunication teachers usually deal with to a large extent in their classes are the &dquo;You Attitude&dquo; concept and the &dquo;Naturalness&dquo; concept. The &dquo;You Attitude&dquo; (or &dquo;You Viewpoint,&dquo; &dquo;Reader Benefit&dquo;) concept stresses the importance in business communication of developing messages around the interests, needs, problems, etc. of the receiver, rather than those of the sender. The &dquo;Naturalness&dquo; (or &dquo;Natural Speaking,&dquo; &dquo;Conversational Language,&dquo; &dquo;Informal English&dquo;) concept emphasizes the need for common, ordinary, everyday &dquo;natural&dquo; wording in business communication. Ober and Wunsch (1983) identify Communicating in Business by Sigband and Bateman ( 1985), Business Communications by Himstreet and Baty (1987), and Effective Business Communications by Murphy and Hildebrandt (1988) as being the three most widely used textbooks in business communication classes. All three of these texts

4 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023282
2022610
202182
202063
201983
201852