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Naturalness

About: Naturalness is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1305 publications have been published within this topic receiving 31737 citations.


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01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: An assembly for use in a vending machine in the form of a tray of modular structure for dispensing bagged or packaged products that are loaded into the top of the trays and dispensed by being moved horizontally off of the front edge of the tray and dropped by gravity into an area accessible from the exterior of the dispenser is described in this article.
Abstract: An assembly for use in a vending machine in the form of a tray of modular structure for dispensing bagged or packaged products that are loaded into the top of the tray and dispensed by being moved horizontally off of the front edge of the tray and dropped by gravity into an area accessible from the exterior of the dispenser. The tray modules are constructed of transparent material such as clear plastic to enable all of the products to be readily observed through an enlarged window in the front door of the cabinet thereby providing a vending apparatus that enables customer observation of the bagged or packaged products and the highly attractive packages or wrappers normally provided on such products. Each tray module includes a supporting surface on which the articles to be dispensed rest and conveying means including article-engaging fingers or tabs which move the articles off the end of the supporting surface so that they will drop downwardly into an access area. The vending machine includes multiple tray assemblies with the two uppermost tray assemblies being swingable downwardly to an inclined position when they are pulled outwardly at the front of the machine to facilitate loading. Each tray module includes an electrically operated power unit that is automatically engaged when the tray assembly is moved to its operative position and automatically disengaged when the tray assembly is moved to its extended or loading position.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three approaches are introduced to model the integration of effects present in spontaneous speech and achieved a significant improvement in the category colloquial impression, however, no significantly higher naturalness could be observed.
Abstract: State-of-the-art speech synthesis systems achieve a high overall quality. However, synthesized speech still lacks naturalness. To produce more natural and colloquial synthetic speech, our research focuses on integration of effects present in spontaneous speech. Conventional speech synthesis systems do not consider the probability of a word in its context. Recent investigations on corpora of natural speech showed that words that are very likely to occur in a given context are pronounced less accurately and faster than improbable ones. In this paper three approaches are introduced to model this effect found in spontaneous speech. The first algorithm changes the speaking rate directly by shortening or lengthening the syllables of a word depending on the language model probability of that word. Since probable words are not only pronounced faster but also less accurately this approach was extended by selecting appropriate pronunciation variants of a word according to the language model probability. This second algorithm changes the local speaking rate indirectly by controlling the grapheme-phoneme conversion. In a third stage, a pronunciation sequence model was used to select the appropriate variants according to their sequence probability. In listening experiments test participants were asked to rate the synthesized speech in the categories colloquial impression and naturalness. Our approaches achieved a significant improvement in the category colloquial impression. However, no significantly higher naturalness could be observed. The observed effects will be discussed in detail.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the phenomenology of a simple model realizing the Little Higgs mechanism and present the current bounds on the model from precision electroweak fits, flavor physics, and direct searches at the LHC.
Abstract: Naturalness demands that the quadratic divergence of the one-loop top contribution to the Higgs mass be cancelled at a scale below 1 TeV. This can be achieved by introducing a fermionic (spin-1/2) top partner, as in, for example, Little Higgs models. In this paper, we study the phenomenology of a simple model realizing this mechanism. We present the current bounds on the model from precision electroweak fits, flavor physics, and direct searches at the LHC. The lower bound on the top partner mass from precision electroweak data is approximately 500 GeV, while the LHC bound with 5/fb of data at sqrt(s)=7 TeV is about 450 GeV. Given these bounds, the model can incorporate a 125 GeV Higgs with minimal fine-tuning of about 20%. We conclude that natural electroweak symmetry breaking with a fermionic top partner remains a viable possibility. We also compute the Higgs decay rates into gauge bosons, and find that significant, potentially observable deviations from the Standard Model predictions may occur.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the argument from naturalness has been extended to compare different models of the physics beyond the Standard Model and that naturalness in this case can at best be understood a socio-historic heuristic.
Abstract: Fine-tuning arguments are a frequent find in the literature on quantum field theory. They are based on naturalness—an aesthetic criterion that was given a precise definition in the debates on the Higgs mechanism. We follow the history of such definitions and of their application at the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking. They give rise to a special interpretation of probability, which we call Gedankenfrequency. Finally, we show that the argument from naturalness has been extended to comparing different models of the physics beyond the Standard Model and that naturalness in this case can at best be understood a socio-historic heuristic.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a cancellation can be achieved in two-Higgs doublet models, by virtue of which all scalars remain at the electroweak scale and the naturalness problem is avoided.
Abstract: The conjecture that some unknown symmetry is responsible for keeping the Higgs boson light at 125 GeV does not hold for the Standard Model, where the coefficient of the quadratic divergence of Higgs boson self-energy is far from zero. We show that such a cancellation can be achieved in two-Higgs doublet models, by virtue of which all the scalars remain at the electroweak scale and the naturalness problem is avoided. We explore the consequences of such cancellations in different two-Higgs doublet models with no flavour-changing neutral current, and show that the parameter space becomes tightly constrained; in particular, the ratio of two vacuum expectation values, $\tan\beta$, no longer remains a free parameter but turns out to be a function of the quartic couplings.

23 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023282
2022610
202182
202063
201983
201852