Navier–Stokes equations

About: Navier–Stokes equations is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18180 publications have been published within this topic receiving 552555 citations. The topic is also known as: Navier-Stokes equations.

Large-eddy simulation of rotating channel flows using a localized dynamic model

Abstract: Most applications of the dynamic subgrid‐scale stress model use volume‐ or planar‐averaging to avoid ill‐conditioning of the model coefficient, which may result in numerical instabilities. Furthermore, a spatially‐varying coefficient is mathematically inconsistent with the original derivation of the model. A localization procedure is proposed here that removes the mathematical inconsistency to any desired order of accuracy in time. This model is applied to the simulation of rotating channel flow, and results in improved prediction of the turbulence statistics. The model coefficient vanishes in regions of quiescent flow, reproducing accurately the intermittent character of the flow on the stable side of the channel. Large‐scale longitudinal vortices can be identified, consistent with the observation from experiments and direct simulations. The effect of the unresolved scales on higher‐order statistics is also discussed.

Componentwise energy amplification in channel flows

Abstract: We study the linearized Navier–Stokes (LNS) equations in channel flows from an input–output point of view by analysing their spatio-temporal frequency responses. Spatially distributed and temporally varying body force fields are considered as inputs, and components of the resulting velocity fields are considered as outputs into these equations. We show how the roles of Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves, oblique waves, and streamwise vortices and streaks in subcritical transition can be explained as input–output resonances of the spatio-temporal frequency responses. On the one hand, we demonstrate the effectiveness of input field components, and on the other, the energy content of velocity perturbation components. We establish that wall-normal and spanwise forces have much stronger influence on the velocity field than streamwise force, and that the impact of these forces is most powerful on the streamwise velocity component. We show this using the relative scaling of the different input–output system components with the Reynolds number. We further demonstrate that for the streamwise constant perturbations, the spanwise force localized near the lower wall has, by far, the strongest effect on the evolution of the velocity field. In this paper, we analyse the dynamical properties of the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations with spatially distributed and temporally varying body force fields. These fields are considered as inputs, and different combinations of the resulting velocity fields are considered as outputs. This input–output analysis can in principle be done in any geometry and for the full nonlinear NS equations. In such generality, however, it is difficult to obtain useful results. We therefore concentrate on the geometry of channel flows, and the input–output dynamics of the linearized Navier–Stokes (LNS)

Spectral element methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract: Spectral element methods are high-order weighted-residual techniques for partial differential equations that combine the geometric flexibility of finite element techniques with the rapid convergence rate of spectral schemes. The theoretical foundations and numerical implementation of spectral element methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are presented, considering the construction and analysis of optimal-order spectral element discretizations for elliptic and saddle (Stokes) problems, as well as the efficient solution of the resulting discrete equations by rapidly convergent tensor-product-based iterative procedures. Several examples of spectral element simulation of moderate Reynolds number unsteady flow in complex geometry are presented.

Analytical Comparison of the Acoustic Analogy and Kirchhoff Formulation for Moving Surfaces

Abstract: The Lighthill acoustic analogy, as embodied in the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation, is compared with the Kirchhoff formulation for moving surfaces. A comparison of the two governing equations reveals that the primary advantage of the Kirchhoff formulation (namely, that nonlinear flow effects are included in the surface integration) is also available to the FW-H method if the integration surface used in the FW-H equation is not assumed to be impenetrable. The FW-H equation is analytically superior for aeroacoustics because it is based on the conservation laws of fluid mechanics rather than on the wave equation. Thus, the FW-H equation is valid even if the integration surface is in the nonlinear region. This advantage is demonstrated numerically. With the Kirchhoff approach, substantial errors can result if the integration surface is not positioned in the linear region, and these errors may be hard to identify. Finally, new metrics, based on the Sobolev norm, are introduced that may be used to compare input data for both quadrupole noise calculations and Kirchhoff noise predictions.