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Near and far field
About: Near and far field is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15922 publications have been published within this topic receiving 220571 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a modified sampling technique is applied to the reconstruction of the antenna far-field pattern from near-field measurements on a cylinder, and it is shown that if a proper phase factor is singled out from the tangential components of the measured electric field, the samples spacing along the axis of the measurement cylinder increases linearly with the cylinder radius.
Abstract: A modified sampling technique is applied to the reconstruction of the antenna far-field pattern from near-field measurements on a cylinder. It is shown that, if a proper phase factor is singled out from the tangential components of the measured electric field, the samples spacing along the axis of the measurement cylinder increases linearly with the cylinder radius. Thus, when this radius is substantially larger than the antenna's dimension, the sample's spacing can be much greater than the half-wavelength spacing commonly accepted as the maximum possible one, without losing the computational efficiency of the standard approach. >
59 citations
59 citations
TL;DR: Expressions relating far electromagnetic fields and return stroke channel base currents have been derived in the literature for various lightning return stroke models as discussed by the authors, and the use of such relations per se has been shown to be useful in the detection of lightning.
Abstract: Expressions relating far electromagnetic fields and return stroke channel base currents have been derived in the literature for various lightning return stroke models. The use of such relations per ...
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the frequency response of uniform transmission lines consisting of a large number of mutually coupled conductors in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media, and illuminated by an electromagnetic (EM) field is investigated.
Abstract: Computationally efficient numerical methods for determining the frequency response of uniform transmission lines consisting of a large number of mutually coupled conductors in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media, and illuminated by an electromagnetic (EM) field are presented.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical study of the unintentional electromagnetic radiation of a microstrip signal trace is presented, based on transmission line theory and appropriate far-field Green's functions, a closed-form solution for the electric field is developed, including the contribution from the vertical terminal connections.
Abstract: An analytical study of the unintentional electromagnetic radiation of a microstrip signal trace is presented. Based on transmission-line theory and appropriate far-field Green's functions, a closed-form solution for the electric field is developed, including the contribution from the vertical terminal connections. It allows calculating the frequency and directional response of the radiated emission, depending on the material and geometrical parameters and terminal load impedances. For the special case of matched termination, the general solution assumes a compact form, allowing to set up a formula for the peak-amplitude frequencies. It is shown that in the higher frequency region, where the wavelength is comparable or shorter than the line length, the frequency-response envelope continuously rises with 20 dB/dec. Based on appropriate simplifications, the asymptotic solution for the electrically short line is deduced, including a practical formula for the maximum electric field. It is found that the usual small-current-loop (magnetic-dipole) estimation is incomplete due to the omission of the electric-dipole contribution.
58 citations