Near and far field

About: Near and far field is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15922 publications have been published within this topic receiving 220571 citations.

Tuning near field radiation by doped silicon

Abstract: In this letter, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that bulk silicon can be employed to overcome the challenge of tuning near field radiation. Theoretical calculation shows that the nanoscale radiation between bulk silicon and silicon dioxide can be tuned by changing the carrier concentration of silicon. Near field radiation measurements are carried out on multiple bulk silicon samples with different doping concentrations. The measured near field conductance agrees well with theoretical predictions, which demonstrates a tuning range from 2 nW/K to 6 nW/K at a gap of ∼60 nm.

Heating patterns in biological tissue phantoms caused by millimeter wave electromagnetic irradiation

Abstract: Distribution of millimeter wavelength electromagnetic energy absorption in surface layers of biological tissue models was studied using methods of Infrared Thermography. 0.1 mm thin-layer phantoms were irradiated in the near field using different types of horn antennas in the 37-78 GHz frequency range. Heating patterns were recorded during microwave irradiation, and surface SAR distributions mere calculated. The temperature resolution was better than 0.05 K. It was found that horn antennas produced nonuniform heating patterns in irradiated objects. These nonuniform patterns were due to a geometrical resonance resulting from a secondary wave-mode interaction between an irradiated object and the corresponding critical cross-section of the horn antenna. Local SAR values in hot spots exceeded the spatially averaged values by over 10 times, and the widths of these hot spots at 5 times the average SAR were often 1 mm or less. The location, quantity, number and size of the local field absorption maxima of irradiated objects strongly depended on the frequency of electromagnetic irradiation, with equivalent Q-factors of 500 or more. These findings provide an explanation for a number of frequency-dependent effects of millimeter wave electromagnetic irradiation. >

Influence of tip modulation on image formation in scanning near-field optical microscopy

Abstract: Modulation of the probe height in a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) is a technique that is commonly used for both distance control and separation of the near-field signal from a background. Detection of higher harmonic modulated signals has also been used to obtain an improvement in resolution, the elimination of background, or artifacts in the signal. This article presents a theoretical model for the effects induced in SNOM images by modulation of the probe. It is shown that probe modulation introduces a spatial filter into the image, generally suppressing propagating field components and enhancing the strength of evanescent field components. A simple example of detection of a single evanescent field above a prism is studied in some detail, and a complicated dependence on modulation parameters and waveform is shown. Some aspects of the application of this theory in a general experimental situation are discussed. Simulated images are displayed to explicitly show the effects of varying modulation amplitude with first and second harmonic detection. Finally, we discuss the suppression of background artifacts due to propagating fields through the use of higher harmonic detection.

Near-field dynamics of ultrashort pulsed Bessel beams in media with Kerr nonlinearity.

Abstract: The near-field dynamics of a femtosecond Bessel beam propagating in a Kerr nonlinear medium (fused silica) is investigated both numerically and experimentally. We demonstrate that the input Bessel beam experiences strong nonlinear reshaping. Due to the combined action of self-focusing and nonlinear losses the reshaped beam exhibits a radial compression and reduced visibility of the Bessel oscillations. Moreover, we show that the reshaping process starts from the intense central core and gradually replaces the Bessel beam profile during propagation, highlighting the conical geometry of the energy flow.