Near and far field

About: Near and far field is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15922 publications have been published within this topic receiving 220571 citations.

Plasmonic near-field probes: a comparison of the campanile geometry with other sharp tips.

Abstract: Efficient conversion of photonic to plasmonic energy is important for nano-optical applications, particularly imaging and spectroscopy. Recently a new generation of photonic/plasmonic transducers, the ‘campanile’ probes, has been developed that overcomes many shortcomings of previous near-field probes by efficiently merging broadband field enhancement with bidirectional coupling of far- to near-field electromagnetic modes. In this work we compare the properties of the campanile structure with those of current NSOM tips using finite element simulations. Field confinement, enhancement, and polarization near the apex of the probe are evaluated relative to local fields created by conical tapered tips in vacuum and in tip-substrate gap mode. We show that the campanile design has similar field enhancement and bandwidth capabilities as those of ultra-sharp metallized tips, but without the substrate and sample restrictions inherent in the tip-surface gap mode operation often required by those tips. In addition, we show for the first time that this campanile probe structure also significantly enhances the radiative rate of any dipole emitter located near the probe apex, quantifying the enhanced decay rate and demonstrating that over 90% of the light radiated by the emitter is “captured” by this probe. This is equivalent to collecting the light from a solid angle of ~3.6 pi. These advantages are crucial for performing techniques such as Raman and IR spectroscopy, white-light nano-ellipsometry and ultrafast pump-probe studies at the nanoscale.

Electromagnetic Field Penetration into a Cylindrical Cavity

Abstract: For an E-polarized plane wave incident on a perfectly conducting cylindrical shell having a longitudinal slit aperture, the fields inside the cavity are determined by a numerical solution of the E-field integral equation. Selected data are presented and the first few complex frequency (SEM) singularities are determined for a variety of aperture sizes.

Analysis of near-field radiation transfer within nano-gaps using FDTD method

Abstract: Enhancement of near-field radiative emission via coupling of surface plasmons in nano-gaps formed between thin films is important for understanding and implementation of energy harvesting using nano-thermophotovoltaic cells. Design and construction of such cells need to be carried out along with detailed modeling studies, necessitating accurate calculation of near-field emission within thin films. The objective of this paper is to provide a methodology based on finite difference time domain analysis for the calculation of the near-field thermal radiation emission based on local density of electromagnetic states. Near-field thermal emission is investigated within the nano-gap formed between thin silicon carbide layers where both support surface phonon polaritons. Modeling of this problem with the FDTD method is not trivial particularly for establishing the Drude–Lorentz permittivity model and the selection of the right boundary conditions. We present an effective boundary condition, for calculation of Local Density Of electromagnetic States (LDOS) via Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) for applications to nano-scale geometries. We conclude that Convolutional Perfectly Matched Layer (CPML) is the optimum boundary condition that gives the most accurate results compared against the other methodologies for parallel plates separated by nano-gaps. This boundary condition allows more streamlined simulations to be carried out when working with sub-wavelength structures. The challenges and the possible solutions to overcome these difficulties are discussed in detail.

Focusing properties of near-field time reversal

Abstract: A time-reversal mirror (TRM) is a plane apparatus that generates the time symmetric of a wave produced by an initial source. Here we look for the conditions to obtain subwavelength focusing when the initial source is in the near field of the TRM and the propagating medium is homogeneous and isotropic. Three variants of TRM are studied: TRM made of monopoles, dipoles, or both of them. The analysis is performed in terms of evanescent and propagative waves. We conclude that only the dipole-TRM leads to subwavelength focusing.

Tunable composite right/left-handed leaky wave antenna based on a rectangular waveguide using liquid crystals

Abstract: A leaky wave antenna based on a composite right/left-handed waveguide structure is presented. The antenna features beam steering capabilities for a fixed operation frequency of 7.6GHz. The frequency independent tunability is obtained by inclusion of liquid crystal (LC) material whose dielectric properties can be tuned by static external electric or magnetic fields. Simulations as well as measurements of a built prototype are shown for scattering parameters and far field patterns. The maximum obtained beam tilt amounts to ±10° around broadside.