scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Nervous system

About: Nervous system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16729 publications have been published within this topic receiving 847181 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that CD4 is not the receptor for HIV-1 infection of the glioblastoma line U373-MG, medulloblastomas line MED 217, or primary human fetal neural cells.
Abstract: A number of studies have indicated that central nervous system-derived cells can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To determine whether CD4, the receptor for HIV-1 in lymphoid cells, was responsible for infection of neural cells, we characterized infectable human central nervous system tumor lines and primary fetal neural cells and did not detect either CD4 protein or mRNA. We then attempted to block infection with anti-CD4 antibodies known to block infection of lymphoid cells; we noted no effect on any of these cultured cells. The results indicate that CD4 is not the receptor for HIV-1 infection of the glioblastoma line U373-MG, medulloblastoma line MED 217, or primary human fetal neural cells.

285 citations

Patent
11 Nov 2001
TL;DR: A neurological control system for modulating activity of any component or structure comprising the entirety or portion of the nervous system, or any structure interfaced thereto, generally referred to herein as a “nervous system component,” is described in this article.
Abstract: A neurological control system for modulating activity of any component or structure comprising the entirety or portion of the nervous system, or any structure interfaced thereto, generally referred to herein as a “nervous system component.” The neurological control system generates neural modulation signals delivered to a nervous system component through one or more intracranial (IC) stimulating electrodes in accordance with treatment parameters. Such treatment parameters may be derived from a neural response to previously delivered neural modulation signals sensed by one or more sensors, each configured to sense a particular characteristic indicative of a neurological or psychiatric condition. Neural modulation signals include any control signal which enhances or inhibits cell activity. Significantly the neurological control system considers neural response, in the form of the sensory feedback, as an indication of neurological disease state and/or responsiveness to therapy, in the determination of treatment parameters.

284 citations

Book ChapterDOI
14 Apr 2008

284 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings demonstrate clearly that the regions in which lymphocytes (mainly T cells) reside, and through which they recirculate, receive direct sympathetic neural input, and the immune system can be considered 'hard-wired' to the brain.

283 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation represents a double edged sword and the opposing neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties of neuro inflammation during CNS injury provide arich and currently unexplored set of research problems.
Abstract: Lesions in the nervous system induce rapid activation of glial cells and under certain conditions additional recruitment of granulocytes, T-cells and monocytes/macrophages from the blood stream triggered by upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines. Hematogenous cell infiltration is not restricted to infectious or autoimmune disorders of the nervous system, but also occurs in response to cerebral ischemia and traumatic lesions. Neuroinflammation can cause neuronal damage, but also confers neuroprotection. Granulocytes occlude vessels during reperfusion after transient focal ischemia, while the functional role of T-cells and macrophages in stroke development awaits further clarification. After focal cerebral ischemia neurotoxic mediators released by microglia such as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (leading to NO synthesis) and the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are upregulated prior to cellular inflammation in the evolving lesion and functionally contribute to secondary infarct growth as revealed by numerous pharmacological experiments and by use of transgenic animals. On the other hand, cytokine induction remote from ischemic lesions involves NMDA-mediated signalling pathways and confers neuroprotection. After nerve injury T cells can rescue CNS neurons. In the peripheral nervous system neuroinflammation is a prerequisite for successful regeneration that is impeded in the CNS. In conclusion, there is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation represents a double edged sword. The opposing neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties of neuroinflammation during CNS injury provide arich and currently unexplored set of research problems.

283 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Hippocampus
34.9K papers, 1.9M citations
82% related
Glutamate receptor
33.5K papers, 1.8M citations
82% related
Disease
47.9K papers, 1.8M citations
81% related
Dopamine
45.7K papers, 2.2M citations
80% related
Embryonic stem cell
35.1K papers, 1.9M citations
80% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023247
2022510
2021371
2020409
2019375
2018357