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Nervous system

About: Nervous system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16729 publications have been published within this topic receiving 847181 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
02 Mar 2011-Brain
TL;DR: Results imply that the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signalling pathway are critical transducers of astrocyte proliferation and maintenance of tactile allodynia and may be a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
Abstract: Neuropathic pain, a debilitating pain condition, is a common consequence of damage to the nervous system. Optimal treatment of neuropathic pain is a major clinical challenge because the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and currently available treatments are frequently ineffective. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that peripheral nerve injury converts resting spinal cord glia into reactive cells that are required for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, the mechanisms underlying reactive astrogliosis after nerve injury are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated cell proliferation, a critical process in reactive astrogliosis, and determined the temporally restricted proliferation of dorsal horn astrocytes in rats with spinal nerve injury, a well-known model of neuropathic pain. We found that nerve injury-induced astrocyte proliferation requires the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signalling pathway. Nerve injury induced a marked signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 nuclear translocation, a primary index of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 activation, in dorsal horn astrocytes. Intrathecally administering inhibitors of Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signalling to rats with nerve injury reduced the number of proliferating dorsal horn astrocytes and produced a recovery from established tactile allodynia, a cardinal symptom of neuropathic pain that is characterized by pain hypersensitivity evoked by innocuous stimuli. Moreover, recovery from tactile allodynia was also produced by direct suppression of dividing astrocytes by intrathecal administration of the cell cycle inhibitor flavopiridol to nerve-injured rats. Together, these results imply that the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signalling pathway are critical transducers of astrocyte proliferation and maintenance of tactile allodynia and may be a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.

249 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Modulation of postsynaptic membrane excitability and long-term synaptic plasticity by cyclooxygenase-2-generated prostaglandin E2, arachidonoyldiacylcylglycerol, and arachidonic acid-containing endocannabinoids is highlighted.

249 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present work reviews the receptor localizations and relates them to classic organizational patterns in the mammalian dorsal horn and modify present concepts about the wiring diagram of the nervous system.

249 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that there are higher structures analogous to the cerebral motor cortex which are capable of producing, when irritated, paroxysmal motor discharges through the vegetative nervous system, similar to the focal discharging through the cerebrospinal system first described by Hughlings Jackson as epileptic.
Abstract: Unlike the cerebrospinal nervous system, with its obvious and indispensable functions, the vegetative nervous system has been slow to come into its own. Only recently has its representation in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata been recognized, and still more recently its important representation in the midbrain and hypothalamus. The case I shall present would suggest that there are higher structures analogous to the cerebral motor cortex which are capable of producing, when irritated, paroxysmal motor discharges through the vegetative nervous system, similar to the focal discharges through the cerebrospinal system first described by Hughlings Jackson as epileptic. REPORT OF CASE History. —J. H., a woman, aged 41, entered the Presbyterian Hospital, New York, on Jan. 2, 1928, having been referred to me by Dr. Protzman of Englewood, N. J. She had had headaches ever since an accident to her head at the age of 5 years. The headaches were

249 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relevant evidence for glial cell boundaries and the inhibitory molecules present in these extracellular matrix structures is discussed in this minireview.
Abstract: Astrocytes and other glia in the central nervous system are now thought to produce molecules that negatively modulate axon growth, thereby influencing axon pathfinding in both development and regeneration. The relevant evidence for glial cell boundaries and the inhibitory molecules present in these extracellular matrix structures is discussed in this minireview.

248 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023247
2022510
2021371
2020409
2019375
2018357