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Nervous system
About: Nervous system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16729 publications have been published within this topic receiving 847181 citations.
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TL;DR: Results suggest that aluminum is able to gain access to the central nervous system under normal physiological conditions, and suggest that the interaction between transferrin and its receptor may function as a general metal ion regulatory system in the CNS, extending beyond its postulated role in iron regulation.
Abstract: The toxicity of aluminum in plant and animal cell biology is well established, although poorly understood. Several recent studies have identified aluminum as a potential, although highly controversial, contributory factor in the pathology of Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and dialysis dementia. For example, aluminum has been found in high concentrations in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which occur in the brains of subjects with Alzheimer disease. However, a mechanism for the entry of aluminum (Al3+) into the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) has yet to be found. Here we describe a possible route of entry for aluminum into the cells of the CNS via the same high-affinity receptor-ligand system that has been postulated for iron (Fe3+) delivery to neurons and glial cells. These results suggest that aluminum is able to gain access to the central nervous system under normal physiological conditions. Furthermore, these data suggest that the interaction between transferrin and its receptor may function as a general metal ion regulatory system in the CNS, extending beyond its postulated role in iron regulation.
216 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This is a book that will show you even new to old thing, and when you are really dying of fine structure of the nervous system the, just pick it.
Abstract: It's coming again, the new collection that this site has. To complete your curiosity, we offer the favorite fine structure of the nervous system the book as the choice today. This is a book that will show you even new to old thing. Forget it; it will be right for you. Well, when you are really dying of fine structure of the nervous system the, just pick it. You know, this book is always making the fans to be dizzy if not to find.
216 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that sensory neurons, an under-studied cohort of the pancreas tumor stroma, play a significant role in the initiation and progression of the early stages of PDAC, and may represent a potential target for prevention in high-risk populations.
Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an exuberant inflammatory desmoplastic response. The PDAC microenvironment is complex, containing both pro- and antitumorigenic elements, and remains to be fully characterized. Here, we show that sensory neurons, an under-studied cohort of the pancreas tumor stroma, play a significant role in the initiation and progression of the early stages of PDAC. Using a well-established autochthonous model of PDAC (PKC), we show that inflammation and neuronal damage in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) occurs as early as the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) 2 stage. Also at the PanIN2 stage, pancreas acinar-derived cells frequently invade along sensory neurons into the spinal cord and migrate caudally to the lower thoracic and upper lumbar regions. Sensory neuron ablation by neonatal capsaicin injection prevented perineural invasion (PNI), astrocyte activation, and neuronal damage, suggesting that sensory neurons convey inflammatory signals from Kras-induced pancreatic neoplasia to the CNS. Neuron ablation in PKC mice also significantly delayed PanIN formation and ultimately prolonged survival compared with vehicle-treated controls (median survival, 7.8 vs. 4.5 mo; P = 0.001). These data establish a reciprocal signaling loop between the pancreas and nervous system, including the CNS, that supports inflammation associated with oncogenic Kras-induced neoplasia. Thus, pancreatic sensory neurons comprise an important stromal cell population that supports the initiation and progression of PDAC and may represent a potential target for prevention in high-risk populations.
216 citations
TL;DR: The pathogenesis of the 139A strain of scrapie introduced intragastrically into CW mice was described, with almost immediate uptake of infectivity and onset of replication in Peyer's patches which preceded replication in spleen.
215 citations
TL;DR: Despite the absence of mesoderm, noggin-induced neural tissue shows considerable differentiation and organization, which may represent dorsal-ventral patterning of the forebrain.
Abstract: In Xenopus development, dorsal mesoderm is thought to play a key role in both induction and patterning of the nervous system. Previously, we identified a secreted factor, noggin, which is expressed in dorsal mesoderm and which can mimic that tissue's neural-inducing activity, without inducing mesoderm. Here the neural tissue induced in ectodermal explants by noggin is further characterized using four neural-specific genes: two putative RNA-binding proteins, nrp-1 and etr-1; the synaptobrevin sybII; and the lipocalin cpl-1. First we determine the expression domain of each gene during embryogenesis. Then we analyze expression of these genes in noggin-treated explants. All markers, including the differentiated marker sybII, are expressed in noggin-induced neural tissue. Furthermore, cpl-1, a marker of dorsal brain, and etr-1, a marker absent in much of the dorsal forebrain, are expressed in non-overlapping territories within these explants. We conclude that the despite the absence of mesoderm, noggin-induced neural tissue shows considerable differentiation and organization, which may represent dorsal-ventral patterning of the forebrain.
214 citations