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Nervous system
About: Nervous system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16729 publications have been published within this topic receiving 847181 citations.
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TL;DR: Different aspects of neuronal and dendrite maturation, including spinogenesis and synaptogenesis will be reviewed, and the role of Wnt pathway components on Alzheimer’s disease will be revised.
Abstract: The Wnt signaling pathway plays a role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and growing evidence indicates that Wnts also regulates the structure and function of the adult nervous system. Wnt components are key regulators of a variety of developmental processes, including embryonic patterning, cell specification, and cell polarity. In the nervous system, Wnt signaling also regulates the formation and function of neuronal circuits by controlling neuronal differentiation, axon outgrowth and guidance, dendrite development, synaptic function and neuronal plasticity. Wnt factors can signal through three very well characterized cascades: canonical or β-catenin pathway, planar cell polarity pathway and calcium pathway that control different processes. However, divergent downstream cascades have been identified to control neuronal morphogenesis. In the nervous system, the expression of Wnt proteins is a highly controlled process. In addition, deregulation of Wnt signaling has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we will review different aspects of neuronal and dendrite maturation, including spinogenesis and synaptogenesis. Finally, the role of Wnt pathway components on Alzheimer’s disease will be revised.
208 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that nerve growth factor receptor, which is probably synthesized in cholinergic basal forebrain somata and transported throughout their dendritic and axonal arbors, has a physiologic role in those cells in the adult nervous system.
208 citations
TL;DR: A possible involvement of the PDFMe neurons in the circadian pacemaking system of Drosophila is suggested, which is identical with those of neurons containing the period protein which is essential for circadian rhythmicity.
Abstract: Antisera against the crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone (p-PDH) were used in immunocytochemical preparations to investigate the anatomy of PDH-immunorea ctive neu rons in the nervous system of wild-type Drosophila melanogaster and in that of several brain mutants of this species, some of which express altered circadian rhythmicity. In the wild-type and in all rhythmic mutants (small optic lobes, sine oculis, small optic lobes;sine oculis), eight cell bodies at the anterior base of the medulla (PDFMe neurons) exhibit intense PDH-like immunoreactivity. Four of the eight somata are large and four are smaller. The four large PDFMe neurons have wide tangential arborizations in the medulla and send axons via the posterior optic tract to the contralateral medulla. Fibers from the four small PDFMe neurons ramify in the median protocerebrum dorsal to the calyces of the mushroom bodies. Their terminals are adjacent to other PDH-immunoreactive somata (PDFCa neurons) which send axons via the median bundle into the tritocerebrum. The results suggest a possible involvement of the PDFMe neurons in the circadian pacemaking system of Drosophila. The location and size of the PDFMe neurons are identical with those of neurons containing the period protein which is essential for circadian rhythmicity. Changes in the arborizations of the PDFMe neurons in small optic lobes;sine oculis mutants are suited to explain the splitting in the locomotor rhythm of these flies. In the arrhythmic mutant, disconnected, the PDFMe neurons are absent. The arrhythmic mutant per0, however, shows normal PDH immunoreactivity and therefore, does not prevent the expression of PDH-like peptides in these neurons. 1993 Wiley-Lias, Inc.
208 citations
TL;DR: The presence of a great variety of neuron-specific phosphoproteins in nervous tissue supports the view that protein phosphorylation plays many roles in neuronal function.
Abstract: The presence of a great variety of neuron-specific phosphoproteins in nervous tissue supports the view that protein phosphorylation plays many roles in neuronal function. The physiological significance of several of these phosphoproteins has already been established. Some neuronal phosphoproteins have been detected throughout the entire nervous system, whereas the distribution of others is limited to one or a few neuronal cell types. These various neuron-specific phosphoproteins are proving of value in the study of the physiology, anatomy, developmental biology, and pathophysiology of the nervous system.
207 citations
TL;DR: This study provides direct evidence for retrograde axonal transport of a macromolecular toxin that acts at synapses in the central nervous system.
Abstract: The neurotoxin tetanospasmin causes tetanus when it reaches the central nervous system. In this autoradiographic study, 125-I-labeled tetanospasmin was injected into the leg muscles of rodents, and the nerves supplying these muscles were crushed. The labeled toxin accumulated within axons on the distal side of the crush. This study provides direct evidence for retrograde axonal transport of a macromolecular toxin that acts at synapses in the central nervous system.
207 citations