Topic
Nervous system
About: Nervous system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16729 publications have been published within this topic receiving 847181 citations.
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TL;DR: A recent demonstration of high carnosine-like immunoreactivity in the subependymal layer of rodents, an area of the forebrain which shares with the olfactory neuroepithelium the occurrence of continuous neurogenesis during adulthood, supports the hypothesis that carnosin-related dipeptides could be implicated in some forms of structural plasticity.
186 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The intersegmental connectives in the locust central nervous system are initiated by the axons of early differentiating neuron trios, and the standard pattern of axon outgrowth in different segments suggest that the nervous system develops to a common, segmentally repeated programme.
Abstract: The intersegmental connectives in the locust central nervous system are initiated by the axons of early differentiating neuron trios. Using a combination of electron microscopy and fluorescent dye injection we have shown that the axons of these cells grow out anteriorly and posteriorly in each segment along a basement membrane, and link together at the segment borders to form continuous longitudinal pathways on each side of the developing nervous system. These early neurons are the progeny of a second class of precursor cell, the midline precursors, which are distinct from the segmental neuroblasts. Like the neuroblasts, the midline precursors are arranged in a standard segmentally repeated pattern. This and the standard pattern of axon outgrowth in different segments suggest that the nervous system develops to a common, segmentally repeated programme.
186 citations
TL;DR: Confocal and electron microscopic analysis suggested that a large portion of aFGF immunoreactivity was associated with the cytoplasmic face of neuronal membranes, consistent with the hypothesis that aF GF is a sequestered growth factor.
186 citations
TL;DR: These functions for immune molecules during neural development suggest that they could also mediate pathological responses to chronic elevations of cytokines in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia.
Abstract: Although the brain has classically been considered “immune-privileged”, current research suggests an extensive communication between the immune and nervous systems in both health and disease. Recent studies demonstrate that immune molecules are present at the right place and time to modulate the development and function of the healthy and diseased central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, immune molecules play integral roles in the CNS throughout neural development, including affecting neurogenesis, neuronal migration, axon guidance, synapse formation, activity-dependent refinement of circuits, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, the roles of individual immune molecules in the nervous system may change over development. This review focuses on the effects of immune molecules on neuronal connections in the mammalian central nervous system – specifically the roles for MHCI and its receptors, complement, and cytokines on the function, refinement, and plasticity of geniculate, cortical and hippocampal synapses, and their relationship to neurodevelopmental disorders. These functions for immune molecules during neural development suggest that they could also mediate pathological responses to chronic elevations of cytokines in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia.
186 citations
TL;DR: The current knowledge on the neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties of Epo, the mechanisms by which Epo produces neuroprotection and the signal transduction systems regulated by Epo in the nervous system are summarized.
186 citations