Topic
Nervous system
About: Nervous system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16729 publications have been published within this topic receiving 847181 citations.
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TL;DR: SYG-1 protein is related to Drosophila IrreC and vertebrate NEPH1 proteins, which mediate cell-cell recognition in diverse developmental contexts and localizes synaptic connections in response to the epithelial signal.
306 citations
TL;DR: The mammalian immune system and the nervous system coevolved under the influence of infection and sterile injury, and the development of advanced neurophysiological and immunological techniques recently enabled the study of reflex neural circuits that maintain immunological homeostasis and are essential for health in mammals.
Abstract: The mammalian immune system and the nervous system coevolved under the influence of infection and sterile injury. Knowledge of homeostatic mechanisms by which the nervous system controls organ function was originally applied to the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and other body systems. Development of advanced neurophysiological and immunological techniques recently enabled the study of reflex neural circuits that maintain immunological homeostasis, and are essential for health in mammals. Such reflexes are evolutionarily ancient, dating back to invertebrate nematode worms that possess primitive immune and nervous systems. Failure of these reflex mechanisms in mammals contributes to nonresolving inflammation and disease. It is also possible to target these neural pathways using electrical nerve stimulators and pharmacological agents to hasten the resolution of inflammation and provide therapeutic benefit.
306 citations
TL;DR: Wnts have been shown to regulate the anatomy of the neuronal cytoskeleton and the differentiation of synapses in the cerebellum and may participate in degenerative processes leading to cell death in the aging brain.
305 citations
TL;DR: The characteristics of human fetal reflexes at different developmental periods are discussed and the sequence for the development of cutaneous sensitivity is reviewed and the known developmental relations for the motor neurons involved in these reflexes are considered.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the characteristics of human fetal reflexes at different developmental periods are and reviews the sequence for the development of cutaneous sensitivity Human fetal reflexes resulting from the stimulation of sensory trigeminal areas are classified into (1) avoiding and/or protective reflexes and (2) those that function later in feeding The sequence of development of reflexes of each type, with the area from which it is elicited, is tabulated in the chapter The development of the spinal tract and the peripheral receptors of the trigeminal nerve and the differentiation of the sensory trigeminal nuclear complex are correlated with the appearance of the various fetal reflexes elicitable by stimulation of this nerve The chapter considers the known developmental relations for the motor neurons involved in these reflexes and discusses the probable reflex arc for the first reflexes from trigeminal stimulation Reflexes obtained by stimulating the upper and lower extremities are discussed and correlated with known nervous system development The chapter also tabulates the correlations with the development of peripheral exteroceptive and proprioceptive receptors and with motor end plate differentiation The reflexes elicited by anal and genital stimulation are discussed and the latter correlated with the differentiation of the peripheral receptors The differences in the reflexes obtained on double simultaneous stimulation before and after 14 weeks of menstrual age are discussed
304 citations