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Neurosphere
About: Neurosphere is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5145 publications have been published within this topic receiving 321088 citations.
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TL;DR: The results indicate that MSI1 is an excellent marker for neural progenitor cells including neural stem cells in normal human brains and correlates well with the immature nature as well as the malignancy of tumor cells in human gliomas.
124 citations
TL;DR: The progression of stem cells to oligodendroglial progenitors is likely induced by factors in B104CM, and characterization of their expression of early markers, cell cycle, migration, and self-renewal suggests that they were pre-O2A progenitor.
Abstract: To understand how the differentiation of stem cells to oligodendroglial progenitors is regulated, we established cultures of neural stem cells from neonatal rat striatum in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) as free-floating neurospheres that were then exposed to an increasing amount of B104 cell-conditioned medium (B104CM). The resultant cells proliferated in response to B104CM but no longer to EGF. In vitro analysis and transplantation studies indicated that these cells were committed to the oligodendroglial lineage, and they were thus referred to as oligospheres. Further characterization of their expression of early markers, cell cycle, migration, and self-renewal suggests that they were pre-O2A progenitors. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the oligosphere cells expressed mRNAs of platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor in addition to fibroblast growth factor receptor but not EGF receptor; the latter two receptor mRNAs were expressed by neurosphere cells. Thus, the progression of stem cells to oligodendroglial progenitors is likely induced by factors in B104CM.
124 citations
TL;DR: This work has identified a murine neural cell clone that fulfills this strict operational definition of an NSC, and examined the relationship such a cell might have to a multipotent somatic stem cell from another organ system (the hematopoietic stem cell [HSC]); a pluripotent stem cell derived from the inner cell mass and hence without organ assignment (an embryonic stem cell).
124 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that vitamin D can regulate cell proliferation in the developing brain and is also present in cultured neurospheres prepared from this region.
124 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that adult hippocampal NSPCs secrete surprisingly large quantities of the essential growth factor VEGF in vitro and in vivo, which suggests that the function of adult neurogenesis may include the secretome of undifferentiated stem and progenitor cells.
Abstract: The adult hippocampus hosts a population of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) that proliferates throughout the mammalian life span. To date, the new neurons derived from NSPCs have been the primary measure of their functional relevance. However, recent studies show that undifferentiated cells may shape their environment through secreted growth factors. Whether endogenous adult NSPCs secrete functionally relevant growth factors remains unclear. We show that adult hippocampal NSPCs secrete surprisingly large quantities of the essential growth factor VEGF in vitro and in vivo. This self-derived VEGF is functionally relevant for maintaining the neurogenic niche as inducible, NSPC-specific loss of VEGF results in impaired stem cell maintenance despite the presence of VEGF produced from other niche cell types. These findings reveal adult hippocampal NSPCs as an unanticipated source of an essential growth factor and imply an exciting functional role for adult brain NSPCs as secretory cells.
124 citations