Topic
Neurosphere
About: Neurosphere is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5145 publications have been published within this topic receiving 321088 citations.
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07 Jun 1995TL;DR: In this paper, a method for detecting antibodies to neural cell surface markers is disclosed as well as a monoclonal antibody to mouse LNGFR, which can be used for transplanting mammalian neural stem cells and their progenitors into mammals.
Abstract: The invention includes mammalian multipotent neural stem cells and their progeny and methods for the isolation and clonal propagation of such cells. At the clonal level the stem cells are capable of self regeneration and asymmetrical division. Lineage restriction is demonstrated within developing clones which are sensitive to the local environment. The invention also includes such cells which are transfected with foreign nucleic acid, e.g., to produce an immortalized neural stem cell. The invention further includes transplantation assays which allow for the identification of mammalian multipotent neural stem cells from various tissues and methods for transplanting mammalian neural stem cells and/or neural or glial progenitors into mammals. A novel method for detecting antibodies to neural cell surface markers is disclosed as well as a monoclonal antibody to mouse LNGFR.
114 citations
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TL;DR: A novel, readily accessible source of multipotent human NCSCs for potential cell-replacement therapy is described and a separation strategy based on magnetic cell sorting of p75(NTR) positive ITSCs that formed larger neurospheres and proliferated faster than p75-NTR negative ITSCs is developed.
Abstract: Adult human neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) are of extraordinary high plasticity and promising candidates for the use in regenerative medicine Here we describe for the first time a novel neural crest-derived stem cell population within the respiratory epithelium of human adult inferior turbinate In contrast to superior and middle turbinates, high amounts of source material could be isolated from human inferior turbinates Using minimally-invasive surgery methods isolation is efficient even in older patients
Within their endogenous niche, inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) expressed high levels of nestin, p75NTR, and S100 Immunoelectron microscopy using anti-p75 antibodies displayed that ITSCs are of glial origin and closely related to nonmyelinating Schwann cells Cultivated ITSCs were positive for nestin and S100 and the neural crest markers Slug and SOX10 Whole genome microarray analysis showed pronounced differences to human ES cells in respect to pluripotency markers OCT4, SOX2, LIN28, and NANOG, whereas expression of WDR5, KLF4, and c-MYC was nearly similar ITSCs were able to differentiate into cells with neuro-ectodermal and mesodermal phenotype Additionally ITSCs are able to survive and perform neural crest typical chain migration in vivo when transplanted into chicken embryos However ITSCs do not form teratomas in severe combined immunodeficient mice Finally, we developed a separation strategy based on magnetic cell sorting of p75NTR positive ITSCs that formed larger neurospheres and proliferated faster than p75NTR negative ITSCs Taken together our study describes a novel, readily accessible source of multipotent human NCSCs for potential cell-replacement therapy
114 citations
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TL;DR: The series of procedures established here, namely neural induction, NSC expansion, sMN differentiation and sMN purification, can provide large quantities of naïve sMNs derived from human and monkey pluripotent stem cells.
Abstract: Background
There are no cures or efficacious treatments for severe motor neuron diseases. It is extremely difficult to obtain naive spinal motor neurons (sMNs) from human tissues for research due to both technical and ethical reasons. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are alternative sources. Several methods for MN differentiation have been reported. However, efficient production of naive sMNs and culture cost were not taken into consideration in most of the methods.
114 citations
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TL;DR: The growth rate and the proliferative life span of the stem cells markedly increased using tissue culture dishes coated with a basement membrane-like extracellular matrix, which was produced by PYS-2 cells or primary endothelial cells.
114 citations
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TL;DR: The results suggest that functional heteromeric NMDA receptors may be expressed constitutively in neural progenitor cells before differentiation to play a crucial role in commitment and differentiation to neurons in adult murine hippocampus.
Abstract: In vitro culture of neural progenitor cells isolated from adult murine hippocampus according to the Percoll density gradient method resulted in formation of round spheres not immunoreactive to microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) or glial fibrillary acidic protein in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor within 12 days in vitro (DIV). Reverse-transcription PCR analysis revealed constitutive expression in these neurospheres of different subunits required for assembly of functional heteromeric N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels. Immunocytochemical analysis confirmed expression of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits in neurospheres cultured for 4-12 DIV. Brief (5 min) exposure to NMDA induced marked expression of c-Fos, Fos-B, Fra-2, and c-Jun proteins in neurospheres cultured for 12 DIV 2 hr later. The NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine markedly inhibited expression of both c-Jun and c-Fos proteins in NMDA-exposed neurospheres. Sustained exposure to NMDA not only markedly inhibited neurosphere formation by 12 DIV when exposed from 4-12 DIV, but also resulted in facilitation of subsequent differentiation of neurospheres exposed to all-trans retinoic acid to cells immunoreactive to both neuron-specific enolase and neuronal nuclei, in addition to MAP-2, as revealed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry analyses. These results suggest that functional heteromeric NMDA receptors may be expressed constitutively in neural progenitor cells before differentiation to play a crucial role in commitment and differentiation to neurons in adult murine hippocampus.
114 citations