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Neurosphere

About: Neurosphere is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5145 publications have been published within this topic receiving 321088 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported that the cells survive and differentiate upon transplant into newborn rat brain and can self-renew and can differentiate into multiple functional neuronal subtypes and glial cells in vitro.
Abstract: Human neural stem cells hold great promise for research and therapy in neural disease. We describe the generation of integration-free and expandable human neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We combined an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium to reprogram epithelial-like cells from human urine into NPCs (hUiNPCs). These transgene-free hUiNPCs can self-renew and can differentiate into multiple functional neuronal subtypes and glial cells in vitro. Although functional in vivo analysis is still needed, we report that the cells survive and differentiate upon transplant into newborn rat brain.

190 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These findings show that transplanted human neural stem cells differentiate into mature neurons to replace lost neural cells in the adult hippocampus with human-rat neural chimeras.

190 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
A. V. Gilyarov1
TL;DR: The structural-functional characteristics of nestin and its presence in various central nervous system cells at different stages of ontogenesis in normal and pathological conditions are discussed.
Abstract: This literature review reflects current knowledge on the intermediate filament protein nestin, which most authors regard as a marker of "neural stem/progenitor cells." The structural-functional characteristics of nestin and its presence in various central nervous system cells at different stages of ontogenesis in normal and pathological conditions are discussed.

189 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From these results neuronal progenitor cells derived from the fetal rat hippocampus are considered to retain their proliferative and differentiating abilities in collagen gel, and when transplanted to a site of peripheral nerve defect, part of them differentiate into supportive cells and they contributed to promotion of axonal regeneration.

189 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings provide the first direct evidence that endogenous microglia can exert a dual and opposing influence on neural precursor cell activity within the hippocampus, and that signaling through the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis critically contributes toward this process.
Abstract: Exercise has been shown to positively augment adult hippocampal neurogenesis; however, the cellular and molecular pathways mediating this effect remain largely unknown. Previous studies have suggested that microglia may have the ability to differentially instruct neurogenesis in the adult brain. Here, we used transgenic Csf1r-GFP mice to investigate whether hippocampal microglia directly influence the activation of neural precursor cells. Our results revealed that an exercise-induced increase in neural precursor cell activity was mediated via endogenous microglia and abolished when these cells were selectively removed from hippocampal cultures. Conversely, microglia from the hippocampi of animals that had exercised were able to activate latent neural precursor cells when added to neurosphere preparations from sedentary mice. We also investigated the role of CX(3)CL1, a chemokine that is known to provide a more neuroprotective microglial phenotype. Intraparenchymal infusion of a blocking antibody against the CX(3)CL1 receptor, CX(3)CR1, but not control IgG, dramatically reduced the neurosphere formation frequency in mice that had exercised. While an increase in soluble CX(3)CL1 was observed following running, reduced levels of this chemokine were found in the aged brain. Lower levels of CX(3)CL1 with advancing age correlated with the natural decline in neural precursor cell activity, a state that could be partially alleviated through removal of microglia. These findings provide the first direct evidence that endogenous microglia can exert a dual and opposing influence on neural precursor cell activity within the hippocampus, and that signaling through the CX(3)CL1-CX(3)CR1 axis critically contributes toward this process.

187 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023131
2022140
2021121
2020121
2019124