Showing papers on "Newcastle disease published in 1974"
168 citations
133 citations
TL;DR: The clinical signs, mortality and postmortem findings following infection of six-week-old chicks with nine strains of Newcastle disease virus were studied and the only strain to consistently induce oedema of the eye in infected birds was Lamb-Essex '70.
Abstract: The clinical signs, mortality and postmortem findings following infection of six-week-old chicks with nine strains of Newcastle disease virus were studied. Although strains could be divided into four pathotypes the divisions were not clear-cut. The most prominent feature of disease following infection by two isolates from the post-1970 USA epidemic, a 1962 UK isolate and a 1972 UK isolate were haemorrhagic gut lesions. A virus isolate from the post-1970 UK epidemic, Lamb-Essex '70, rarely caused gut lesions in infected birds although this was the only strain to consistently induce oedema of the eye in infected birds.
93 citations
TL;DR: Cloacal and tracheal swabbings were obtained from several species of migratory waterfowl that had been shot by hunters in Delaware and Maryland, and 15 isolations were made of viruses that would agglutinate chicken red blood cells as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Cloacal and tracheal swabbings were obtained from several species of migratory waterfowl that had been shot by hunters in Delaware and Maryland. From 159 birds sampled, 15 isolations were made of viruses that would agglutinate chicken red blood cells. Four of the isolants were identified as type-A influenza virus, and nine as lentogenic Newcastle disease virus; two could not be identified.
77 citations
43 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Evidence was obtained suggesting that bone marrow-derived lymphocytes have viral receptors that were not detected on the surface of T lymphocytes, and specific determinants on lymphocytes mediate their interaction with viruses.
Abstract: Rat thoracic duct lymphocytes which are predominantly thymus-derived (T) cells have surface receptors for myxo and paramyxoviruses. Thus B, A(H2N2) and A(H3N2) influenza, Newcastle disease, and Sendai viruses agglutinated T lymphocytes in vitro. In contrast, the cells were not agglutinated by certain A(HON1) and A(H1N1) influenza viruses. Evidence was obtained suggesting that bone marrow-derived lymphocytes have viral receptors that were not detected on the surface of T lymphocytes. Moreover, T cell receptors for myxo and paramyxoviruses were found to differ. Fetuin, sialic acid, and periodate treatment of cells selectively inhibited lymphocyte agglutination. Also after elution of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from lymphocytes the cells were still agglutinated by influenza virus but not by NDV and Sendai virus. Similarly Sendaipretreated lymphocytes agglutinated when incubated with influenza or NDV but not when re-exposed to Sendai. It appears that specific determinants on lymphocytes mediate their interaction with viruses.
35 citations
TL;DR: Vaccination using injectable Newcastle vaccine (inactivated) oil emulsion at 21 days of age stimulated high and persistent H.I.I .
Abstract: Vaccination using injectable Newcastle vaccine (inactivated) oil emulsion at 21 days of age stimulated high and persistent H.I. antibody levels. Vaccine prepared on an industrial scale contained not less then 100 PD50 in 0.5 ml. High levels of maternal antibodies had a negative influence on vaccination of chickens when carried out during the first 3 weeks of age, but not when performed later. Vaccine stored in a refrigerator (at 8 degrees to 4 degrees C) or at room temperature (20 degrees C) retained its potency for at least 1 year.
32 citations
25 citations
TL;DR: An agent with the properties of a paramyxovirus, but distinct from Newcastle disease virus and myxovirus Yucaipa, was isolated from one budgerigar and inoculation of the virus intranasally, orally or intra-abdominally in young budgers produced an acute, fatal enteritis.
Abstract: SUMMARY An outbreak of acute enteritis with high mortality among caged budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in a bird sanctuary was investigated. An agent with the properties of a paramyxovirus, but distinct from Newcastle disease virus and myxovirus Yucaipa, was isolated from one budgerigar. Inoculation of the virus intranasally, orally or intra-abdominally, in young budgerigars produced an acute, fatal enteritis. Birds surviving the original outbreak developed antibodies to the virus. The virus was not pathogenic for chick embryos, young or mature chickens, or pigeons. Hemadsorption was demonstrated in infected cell cultures, but no hemagglutinin was detected.
21 citations
18 citations
TL;DR: Avirulent (lentogenic) strains of Newcastle disease virus form plaques on chicken embryo lung monolayers in 48 to 72 h.
Abstract: Avirulent (lentogenic) strains of Newcastle disease virus form plaques on chicken embryo lung monolayers in 48 to 72 h.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The first Finnish Newcastle virus (NDV) isolate originates from a Newcastle disease outbreak in the Helsinki zoo and from another very limited outbreak on a chicken farm and was verified as NDV by biochemical, serological, and electronmicroscope studies.
Abstract: SUMMARY Isolation, thermostability, and some other properties of the first Finnish Newcastle virus (NDV) isolate are described. The isolate originates from a Newcastle disease outbreak in the Helsinki zoo and from another very limited outbreak on a chicken farm and it was verified as NDV by biochemical, serological, and electronmicroscope studies. The isolate shows an exceptionally high thermostability at 56 C. No change in infectivity was observed after 180 minutes, and some infective NDV could still be found after 270 minutes at 56 C.
TL;DR: There was persistent lymphocytopenia and prolonged survival of C57Bl skin allografts when recipient BALB/c mice were injected daily with Newcastle disease virus.
Abstract: There was persistent lymphocytopenia and prolonged survival of C57Bl skin allografts when recipient BALB/c mice were injected daily with Newcastle disease virus.
TL;DR: The results indicate that infection of susceptible cells by NDV is influenced by the host cell in which the virus was propagated, and suggest that NDV may be useful in studies on homologous and heterologous membrane-membrane interactions.
Abstract: The adsorption characteristics of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) propagated in chicken cells (NDV-C) and in human cells (NDV-H) were examined. Adsorption experiments performed at different temperatures indicated that virus propagated in a particular cell infected that cell type more readily than did virus propagated in a different host. For example, NDV-C was more efficient in initiating infection of chicken cells at 22 C than was NDV-H; the reverse was true when human cells were employed. The results indicate that infection of susceptible cells by NDV is influenced by the host cell in which the virus was propagated. The data also suggest that NDV may be useful in studies on homologous and heterologous membrane-membrane interactions.
TL;DR: Observed almost invariably in victims are hemorrhagic lesions and necrotic areas on the mucosal surface of the various subdivisions of the intestinal tract, especially the cecal tonsils, proventriculus, and Peyer's patches.
Abstract: Exotic Newcastle disease (also known as velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease, Asiatic Newcastle disease, and Doyle's form of Newcastle disease) is a virus disease affecting domestic poultry and other avian species. It is that form or expression of Newcastle disease which is characterized by the causative virus having high lethality and an affinity for visceral organs, especially the digestive tract (Walker et al. 1973). Observed almost invariably in victims are hemorrhagic lesions and necrotic areas on the mucosal surface of the various subdivisions of the intestinal tract, especially the cecal tonsils, proventriculus, and Peyer's patches. Edema of the tissue along the trachea and near the thoracic inlet is also observed frequently. Susceptible chickens, artificially infected, die in 5–7 days with virtually 100 percent mortality.
TL;DR: To analyse the age‐dependent changes in susceptibility of chick embryonic cells to viral infection, observations were made on the blood cells after the inoculation of Newcastle disease virus.
Abstract: To analyse the age-dependent changes in susceptibility of chick embryonic cells to viral infection, observations were made on the blood cells after the inoculation of Newcastle disease virus. A lethal dose of Sato strain of Newcastle disease virus was introduced into chick embryos via injection of inoculum into the blood vessel and allantoic sac. Observations of blood cells by immunofluorescent technique revealed two types of cells, susceptible and resistant to the virus infection. Erythroblasts of both primitive and definitive lines, embryonic thromboblasts and thrombocytes were of the former type and mid- and late-polychromatic erythrocytes and mature ones were of the latter. Erythroblasts gradually decrease in their viral susceptibility as they differentiate into polychromatic erythrocytes and finally become resistant to the virus at the mid-polychromatic erythrocyte stage or later. Thromboblasts, on the other hand, retain high susceptibility to the virus throughout the course of their differentiation to mature thrombocytes. The change in the viral susceptibility of erythroid cells with differentiation is discussed in relation to the structural and functional alterations during the cell specialization.
TL;DR: Mice, immunologically unresponsive to Newcastle disease virus, were impaired in their capacity to produce interferon when induced with Newcastle diseaseirus, but not when inducedwith an unrelated virus.
Abstract: Mice, immunologically unresponsive to Newcastle disease virus, were impaired in their capacity to produce interferon when induced with Newcastle disease virus, but not when induced with an unrelated virus.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Vero cells defective in the production ofInterferon were used to investigate the role of interferon in the induction of the interference by Japanese encephalitis virus with Newcastle disease virus.
Abstract: Vero cells defective in the production of interferon were used to investigate the role of interferon in the induction of the interference by Japanese encephalitis virus with Newcastle disease virus. V
TL;DR: The process of haemolysis by Sendai and Newcastle disease viruses involves integration of the viral membrane into the erythrocyte membrane, which can be obtained with avirulent and virulent strains if sheep haenwlysin is used as antibody.