Showing papers on "Newcastle disease published in 1987"
TL;DR: Chickens experimentally infected by the cloacal, intranasal, or caudal thoracic air-sac route remained healthy; however, the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chickens was similar to that observed with velogenic Newcastle disease virus isolates.
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus-1) was isolated from pigeons in 12 states between May 1984 and December 1985. One of the isolates was from a feral pigeon; the remainder were from privately owned pigeon lofts. Use of monoclonal antibodies showed seven of the eight isolates tested to be indistinguishable from the 1982 and 1983 Great Britain and European isolates. Clinical signs were paralysis, torticollis, tremors, incoordination, and death. Pigeons inoculated with the paramyxovirus-1 isolates intravenously or intramuscularly developed clinical disease identical to that described for natural infection; however, only one pigeon inoculated intranasally developed clinical signs. The mean death time for inoculated pigeons was 9.5 days, with a range of 4 to 25. Virus was shed for up to 20 days. Primary lesions observed on necropsy were gastroenterocolitis and pancreatic necrosis. Chickens experimentally infected by the cloacal, intranasal, or caudal thoracic air-sac route remained healthy. However, the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chickens was similar to that observed with velogenic Newcastle disease virus isolates. Four of six isolates inoculated intravenously into 6-week-old chickens induced neurotropic disease.
64 citations
TL;DR: Monoclonal antibodies detect evident antigenic variations in NDV HN and F protein, but the A/PMV-1 viruses can be identified by HI test using a preparation made of the combination of two different monoclonals.
Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies detect evident antigenic variations in NDV HN and F protein. However, the A/PMV-1 viruses can be identified by HI test using a preparation made of the combination of two different monoclonals.
57 citations
TL;DR: A total of 106 Newcastle disease viruses submitted to the International Reference Laboratory at the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge from field investigations in 15 different countries was characterised using pathogenicity index tests in chickens and mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against NDV-Ulster 2C and pigeon isolate 617/83.
Abstract: Summary A total of 106 Newcastle disease viruses submitted to the International Reference Laboratory at the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge from field investigations in 15 different countries was characterised using pathogenicity index tests in chickens and mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against NDV‐Ulster 2C (Russell and Alexander, Archives of Virology, 75: 243, 1983) and pigeon isolate 617/83. These isolates could be placed into six distinct groups on the basis of their reaction with the monoclonal antibodies although four isolates gave ambiguous results and remained untyped. Forty isolates, obtained from chickens (21), pigeons (16), a duck (1), a sparrow (1) and a kestrel (1), were indistinguishable from isolates which were responsible for the recent panzootic in pigeons. Twenty‐one isolates from domestic poultry, one isolate from a pheasant and one from a chicken in quarantine were identified as vaccinal virus of Bi or La Sota type. Thirty‐five isolates placed in the same monoclonal antib...
57 citations
TL;DR: There was good correlation of mean Flockchek ELISA titers or EIA Systems sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios with specific HI or VN titers, and what were considered in the lab to be minimum protective titers for each antigen against virulent challenge in the authors' area.
Abstract: SUMMARY. Sera tested for hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) activity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and virus-neutralizing (VN) activity against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and viral arthritis (VA) virus were collected from a wide variety of accessions into the Diagnostic Services Laboratory, Poultry Disease Research Center, University of Georgia. The sera were then segregated according to HI or VN titer to NDV, IBV, IBDV, or VA virus and stored frozen at -20 C until tested by two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). There was good correlation of mean Flockchek ELISA titers or EIA Systems sample-topositive (S/P) ratios with specific HI or VN titers. Flockchek ELISA profile group 3 and EIA Systems mean S/P ratio of 1.12 corresponded to what were considered in our lab to be minimum protective titers for each antigen against virulent challenge in our area.
39 citations
TL;DR: Passive administration of antiserum raised against whole virions provided susceptible chickens protection comparable to that seen in the birds with maternal antibody, indicating the complementary effect of anti-HN and anti-F antibodies not only in cell cultures as reported previously, but also in a natural host.
Abstract: The protective effect of humoral immunity against lethal infection of chickens with Newcastle disease virus was studied. Chickens hatched from eggs laid by hens vaccinated with live attenuated Newcastle disease virus vaccine possessed antibody to various components of the virus, and were resistant to a challenge with a virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus which was 100 per cent fatal for the offspring of nonvaccinated hens. Passive administration of antiserum raised against whole virions provided susceptible chickens protection comparable to that seen in the birds with maternal antibody. When administered passively, both anti-HN serum with virus neutralizing activity, and anti-F serum with only marginal virus neutralizing activity significantly prolonged the survival of infected birds but failed to achieve the level of protection as afforded by the anti-whole NDV serum. The protection provided by the simultaneous presence of anti-HN and anti-F serum was significantly greater than that afforded by either alone and comparable to that of anti-whole NDV serum, indicating the complementary effect of anti-HN and anti-F antibodies not only in cell cultures as reported previously (19), but also in a natural host.
38 citations
TL;DR: Humorally deficient chickens were vaccinated twice, 1 month apart, with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) Roakin strain and challenged with a velogenic viscerotropic NDV strain via the oronasal route, suggesting that CMI provides a degree of resistance to velogenic NDV.
Abstract: Humorally deficient, in ovo-bursectomized (Bx) and sham-Bx chickens were vaccinated twice, 1 month apart, with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) Roakin strain and challenged with a velogenic viscerotropic NDV strain via the oronasal route. Hemagglutination-inhibition and seroneutralization tests showed that Bx chickens had reduced antibody-mediated immunity to virus infection. In contrast, they had significantly higher cell-mediated immunity (CMI) before challenge, as estimated simultaneously by determination of blastogenic capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin and by specific antigen stimulation. After virus challenge, there was transitory inhibition of CMI based on marked reductions in levels of stimulation indices, and this impairment in CMI was supported by persistence of virus in Bx chickens for longer periods. Bx chickens resisted challenge, even though antibody titers were well below those considered predictive of resistance to challenge, suggesting that CMI provides a degree of resistance to velogenic NDV.
36 citations
TL;DR: Pigeon PMV-1 isolates from Delaware racing pigeons compared with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in pathogenicity and cross-protection studies in young chickens showed more closely related to mesogenic (Roakin) NDV than to lentogenic (La Sota) or velogenic (Texas GB)NDV strains.
Abstract: Avian paramyxovirus-1 (PMV-1) isolates from Delaware racing pigeons were compared with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in pathogenicity and cross-protection studies in young chickens. The pathogenicity of pigeon PMV-1 isolates was more closely related to mesogenic (Roakin) NDV than to lentogenic (La Sota) or velogenic (Texas GB) NDV strains. Pigeon PMV-1 produced 100% mortality in 1-day-old NDV-susceptible chickens following intratracheal and intracerebral inoculation. Laboratory tests often used in conjunction with chicken pathogenicity procedures for patho-typing NDV gave conflicting results. Pigeon PMV-1 isolates produced large clear plaques (up to 3.5 mm) in chicken-embryo-fibroblast cultures. Chicken embryo mean death times were considerably greater for pigeon PMV-1 (88 and 109 hr) than for Roakin (66 hr) and Texas GB (48 hr). B1 strain NDV and pigeon PMV-1 produced complete cross-protection in challenge studies in chickens. Extensive cross-reaction between pigeon PMV-1 and NDV occurred in hemagglutination-inhibition tests using polyclonal antisera. However, pigeon PMV-1 and NDV were readily distinguishable using a NDV monoclonal antibody, 2F12.
22 citations
TL;DR: Trials involving laboratory chickens and chickens under both intensive and smallholder management showed that V4 vaccine induced an antibody response sufficient to protect birds against challenge with virulent field isolates of Newcastle disease virus.
Abstract: Data on the incidence of Newcastle disease in Malawi obtained from various sources including serological surveys, questionnaires and interviews, as well as statistics on laboratory-confirmed cases, showed the disease to be widespread throughout the country. Chickens vaccinated with La Sota and Komarov vaccine strains were often inadequately protected against the disease, especially those under smallholder management. Trials involving laboratory chickens and chickens under both intensive and smallholder management showed that V4 vaccine, given by eye-drop, drinking water and oral droplet methods, induced an antibody response sufficient to protect birds against challenge with virulent field isolates of Newcastle disease virus. V4 is recommended as an alternative to La Sota and Komarov vaccines, particularly for smallholder flocks, because of its thermostability, its ease of administration and its transmissibility. Large scale use of V4 appears to have reduced the incidence of Newcastle disease in rural parts of Malawi.
22 citations
TL;DR: Newcastle disease virus vaccine strain (La Sota) specific monoclonal antibody (La-1) was produced by immunizing mice with isolated glycoproteins of strain La Sota.
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus vaccine strain (La Sota) specific monoclonal antibody (La-1) was produced by immunizing mice with isolated glycoproteins of strain La Sota. This antibody was recognized only in the ELISA test in which it bound exclusively to La Sota strain out of a range of over 300 lentogenic, mesogenic and velogenic strains examined.
19 citations
TL;DR: Assays showed reciprocal specificity when compared to another virus or bacterium or another bacterium and were used to show the class specificity of avian AFC and the effect of passive antibody transfer on porcine AFC induction.
TL;DR: Fowl were primarily vaccinated with commercial inactivated oil emulsion (10E) Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines and immunity was established by both determination of haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies and by challenge, over periods similar to the economic life span of the birds.
Abstract: Summary Fowl were primarily vaccinated with commercial inactivated oil emulsion (10E) Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines and immunity was established by both determination of haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies and by challenge, over periods similar to the economic life span of the birds. The effect of level of maternal antibodies, route of vaccine administration, and vaccine dose on the vaccination results were studied. In one experiment, immunity provoked by vaccination with 10E vaccine was compared with that obtained by vaccination with live vaccines. Vaccination by the subcutaneous route induced a significantly stronger HI response than intramuscular vaccination. Also the vaccine dose per bird and the level of maternal antibodies influenced the vaccination results. In both brown layer and White Leghorn (WL) hens a strong immunity was induced up to at least 45 and 78 weeks of age respectively, by vaccination with 10E vaccine at 6 weeks of age. Also WL hens primarily vaccinated with 10E vaccine at...
TL;DR: CY-treated, intranasally vaccinated chickens were highly resistant to NDV challenge, yet none of the chickens produced any detectable humoral antibodies toNDV; antibodies to NDv were detectable in the tracheal washings, however.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The AGP test was found to be useful as an aid in diagnosing field infections and assessing inactivated virus vaccination responses and may be useful in regions where limited facilities or technical capabilities preclude the use of other serological procedures.
TL;DR: Five strains of Newcastle disease virus were tested for their ability to agglutinate and lyse chicken lymphocytes, and they caused a different degree of direct virus-induced lysis of 51Cr-labeledChicken lymphocytes.
TL;DR: The NDV strains of duck origin were antigenically distinct fromNDV‐B1 and NDV‐Miyadera originated from chickens, and varied in their virulence to chicken embryos, and no apparent correlation was found between the antigenicity of the HN molecule and virulence.
Abstract: Nineteen strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from wild ducks in Japan were placed into 4 distinct antigenic groups on the basis of their reactivities to 8 monoclonal antibodies against the HN molecule of NDV in hemagglutination inhibition tests. The NDV strains of duck origin were antigenically distinct from NDV-B1 and NDV-Miyadera originated from chickens, and varied in their virulence to chicken embryos. No apparent correlation was found between the antigenicity of the HN molecule and virulence.
TL;DR: From these results, ELISA was considered to be a speedy and good technic for detecting IBV antigens from test samples infected with the virus experimentally.
Abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antigen was applied. IBV M41, A-5968 and L2 strains showing strain specificity in virus neutralizing test showed marked cross-reactivity. IBV M41 antigen was detectable from both SPF eggs and chickens inoculated with the virus. Between the positive (purified IBV and infectious allantoic fluid) and negative controls (Newcastle disease virus B1 strain and allantoic fluid from SPF eggs), there were marked differences in ELISA titers. From these results, ELISA was considered to be a speedy and good technic for detecting IBV antigens from test samples infected with the virus experimentally.
TL;DR: It is suggested that market turkeys produced in an NDV-enzootic area may require two or more NDV vaccinations by spray during their growing period in order to be adequately protected against natural NDV infection.
Abstract: SUMMARY. Commercial market turkeys that were spray-vaccinated at 2 to 3 weeks of age with viable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine usually did not develop high or persistent levels of serum antibody as detected by the hemagglutination-inhibition test. Vaccinated turkeys exhibited a satisfactory level of resistance to infection and clinical disease when challenged by the oculonasal or aerosol route at 2 weeks post-vaccination, and they resisted clinical disease when challenged at 6 weeks, but the level of protection diminished by 10 weeks post-vaccination. It is suggested that market turkeys produced in an NDV-enzootic area may require two or more NDV vaccinations by spray during their growing period in order to be adequately protected against natural NDV infection.
TL;DR: Different strains of Newcastle disease virus were added to chicken lymphocytes and JMV-1 and MSB-1 Marek's-disease-derived tumor cell lines to determine the virus-cell interaction.
Abstract: Different strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were added to chicken lymphocytes and JMV-1 and MSB-1 Marek's-disease-derived tumor cell lines to determine the virus-cell interaction. NDV caused fusion and lysis of the cells, and cells supported the growth and multiplication of NDV.
TL;DR: Different vaccination programmes commonly used in Moroccan poultry farms were tested for their capacity to protect chickens against two representative Moroccan strains of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus under controlled conditions and the inactivated vaccine gave the highest antibody titres and the best protection against respiratory symptoms.
Abstract: Different vaccination programmes commonly used in Moroccan poultry farms were tested for their capacity to protect chickens against two representative Moroccan strains of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus under controlled conditions. All vaccination programmes protected the chickens against mortality and the inactivated vaccine gave the highest antibody titres and the best protection against respiratory symptoms.
TL;DR: Three Newcastle disease viruses isolated from wild ducks in Japan were evaluated for their biological activities, pathogenicity and immunogenicity against one-day-old chickens and the lentogenic isolate could induce enough immunity in chickens to protect them from challenge with a virulent strain of NDV.
Abstract: Three Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) isolated from wild ducks in Japan were evaluated for their biological activities, pathogenicity and immunogenicity against one-day-old chickens. One isolate was of the mesogenic type and the other two were of the lentogenic type for chicken. The lentogenic isolates could induce enough immunity in chickens to protect them from challenge with a virulent strain of NDV.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: When three representative isolates were evaluated for their biological properties and pathogenicity against 1-day-old chickens, all three were found to be velogenic types that could induce serious symptoms of Newcastle disease and which eventually killed all of the chickens, regardless of the route of infection.
Abstract: Eleven isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), from caged birds imported from or captured in Southeast Asia in 1979-80, were antigenically divided into five distinct groups. Most of them were distinguishable from more classical NDVs (vaccine B1 strain and Miyadera strain) on the basis of their reactivity to eight monoclonal antibodies against the HN molecule of NDV in hemagglutination-inhibition tests. However, when three representative isolates were evaluated for their biological properties and pathogenicity against 1-day-old chickens, all three were found to be velogenic types that could induce serious symptoms of Newcastle disease and which eventually killed all of the chickens, regardless of the route of infection. There was not any significant correlation between their reactivity patterns with the monoclonal antibodies and their virulence.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Little or no effect of delayed harvesting of Newcastle disease virus from eggs was found on neuraminidase, erythrocyte-fusing and immunogenic properties, and haemolytic activity of NDV was moderately enhanced when its harvesting from de-embryonated egg was delayed.
Abstract: Delayed harvest of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from eggs was less infective (as expressed by its lower infectious titer and a higher number of virus particles per EID50) and more resistant to a temperature of 50 degrees C than the early harvest. On the other hand, little or no effect of delayed harvesting was found on neuraminidase, erythrocyte-fusing and immunogenic properties. Moreover, haemolytic activity of NDV was moderately enhanced when its harvesting from de-embryonated egg was delayed. Treatment of a fresh NDV preparation with repeated freezing and thawing cycles also caused a marked reduction in virus infectivity and induction of its haemolytic activity.
01 Jan 1987
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Haemagglutinin of nine out of eighteen lentogenic isolates from broilers showing respiratory problems was more stable than that of the La Sota strain and the Hitchner B1 strain, indicative of the circulation of a lentogenic field virus during the period of isolation.
Abstract: Haemagglutinin of nine out of eighteen lentogenic isolates from broilers showing respiratory problems was more stable than that of the La Sota strain (licensed for vaccination) and the Hitchner B1 strain (licensed for production but not for vaccination). This is indicative of the circulation of a lentogenic field virus during the period of isolation (1979-1981), the origin of which is not directly attributable to vaccination. The possible origin of this field virus is discussed.