Showing papers on "Newcastle disease published in 1988"
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: All of the approximately 8,000 species of birds seem to be susceptible to infection with Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), so efforts are needed to protect birds from these viruses.
Abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) has economic and ecologic impact on pet and free-living as well as on domestic birds. Virtually all of the approximately 8,000 species of birds seem to be susceptible to infection with Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs).
318 citations
TL;DR: Sequence analyses of the cleavage site of several virulent and avirulent isolates of the Newcastle disease virus serotype reveal a correlation between virulence or pathogenicity and a high content of basic amino acid residues at the Cleavage site.
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus exhibits a wide range of pathogenicity and virulence which, as with all paramyxoviruses, is directly related to the cleavability of a precursor (F0) of the fusion glycoprotein by cellular proteases. Sequence analyses of the cleavage site of several virulent and avirulent isolates of the Newcastle disease virus serotype reveal a correlation between virulence or pathogenicity and a high content of basic amino acid residues at the cleavage site. A similar correlation has been seen for other paramyxoviruses.
252 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the expression of the mRNA for, and secretion of, IFN-beta 2/hepatocyte-stimulating factor/IL-6 in human diploid fibroblasts (FS-4 strain) infected with different RNA-and DNA-containing viruses was defined.
Abstract: We have defined the expression of the mRNA for, and secretion of, IFN-beta 2/hepatocyte-stimulating factor/IL-6 (IFN-beta 2/IL-6) in human diploid fibroblasts (FS-4 strain) infected with different RNA- and DNA-containing viruses. RNA blot-hybridization analyses carried out 6-8 h after the beginning of infection showed that the RNA-containing Sendai virus (paramyxoviridae) enhanced IFN-beta 2/IL-6 mRNA levels 10-fold, followed, in decreasing order, by encephalomyocarditis (EMC, picornaviridae), vesicular stomatitis (VSV, rhabdoviridae), Newcastle disease virus (NDV, paramyxoviridae), and influenza A (Flu, myxoviridae) viruses. The DNA-containing pseudorabies virus (PR, herpesviridae) enhanced IFN-beta 2/IL-6 mRNA levels sixfold, while the effect of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5, adenoviridae) was considerably less and comparable with that of NDV or Flu. A rabbit antiserum raised against E. coli-derived human IFN-beta 2/IL-6 was used in immunoprecipitation experiments to monitor the secretion of 35S-methionine-pulse-labeled IFN-beta 2/IL-6 proteins by fibroblasts up to 7 h after the beginning of infection. Enhanced levels of secretion of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 (2-14-fold) were observed in every instance evaluated (Sendai, EMC, VSV, Flu, PR, Ad5 viruses). A biological consequence of enhanced secretion of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 was the ability of media from infected FS-4 cell cultures to enhance by 8-15-fold the synthesis and secretion of a typical acute phase plasma protein (alpha 1-antichymotrypsin) by human hepatoma Hep3B2 cells. These observations make it likely that IFN-beta 2/IL-6 mediates, in part, the host response to acute virus infections.
155 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The diagnosis of Newcastle disease has never been straightforward and researchers and diagnosticians were convinced from the outset that they were recording a disease that had been unreported prior to their observations.
Abstract: The diagnosis of Newcastle disease (ND) has never been straightforward. In the the first descriptions of ND, differentiation was made from a number of other diseases that produced basically similar signs. It is surprising therefore that, with what we would regard today as relatively unsophisticated tools, researchers and diagnosticians such as Doyle (1) were convinced from the outset that they were recording a disease that had been unreported prior to their observations.
112 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: It is reported that NDV isolates from pigeons required several passages in chickens, before their potential pathogenicity became manifest in this species, explaining how potentially pathogenic virus strains can be generated and maintained in a particular species without harm.
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be isolated from a wide variety of different avian species. Differences in virus pathogenicity have been observed which depend on the host infected as well as on the virus strain involved. Chickens seem to be the most susceptible species. Ducks and geese, on the other hand, are reported to be refractory even to the most pathogenic viruses for chickens (27). There is evidence that adaptation of a particular NDV strain to a novel host may affect pathogenicity. Thus, Alexander and Parsons (1) reported that NDV isolates from pigeons required several passages in chickens, before their potential pathogenicity became manifest in this species. Although the reason for this host specificity of NDV is not known, such observations are of epidemiological significance. They explain how potentially pathogenic virus strains can be generated and maintained in a particular species without harm. This pathogenic potential could then become fully manifest when a different species of highly susceptible birds, such as chicken, is exposed to these viruses.
81 citations
TL;DR: The use of recombinant viruses expressing the F protein of NDV as vaccines would allow joint application of vaccination and eradication programmes for NDV and recombinant virus obtained in chickens virus vectors are needed.
Abstract: Summary Chickens were immunised using a vaccinia recombinant virus (vaccinia‐Italien‐F), expressing the F protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Immunisation was successful using either TK” cells infected with the vaccinia‐Italien‐F virus, the recombinant virus grown in TK7 cells and inoculated intra‐cerebrally in one‐day‐old chickens or the recombinant virus given by wing‐web to adult chickens after adaptation by alternate passage in chick embryo fibroblasts and chickens. The use of recombinant viruses expressing the F protein of NDV as vaccines would allow joint application of vaccination and eradication programmes for NDV. Therefore, recombinant viruses obtained in chickens virus vectors are needed.
61 citations
TL;DR: Passive immunization studies involving three different neutralizing MCAs showed that enhanced, but not complete, protection against virulent NDV challenge was provided when the three MCAs were administered in combination.
Abstract: SUMMARY. Twenty monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) prepared against the velogenic GBTexas strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the type 1 pigeon paramyxovirus (PPMV- 1) were characterized and examined as potential immunodiagnostic reagents. All MCAs generated were found to bind specifically, but with varying reactivity, to various NDV strains in direct binding assays. In addition, MCA 15C4 neutralized and inhibited hemagglutination (HA) of all lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic NDV strains tested but not the PPMV-1 strain. Antibody 1ODl 1 also inhibited HA activity, but inhibition was more selective and limited to the mesogenic and domestic or indigenous velogenic strains of NDV. MCA 79 reacted in all serologic assays with an antigenic site common to all serotype 1 avian paramyxoviruses. Passive immunization studies involving three different neutralizing MCAs (35, 79, and 15C4) showed that enhanced, but not complete, protection against virulent NDV challenge was provided when the three MCAs were administered in combination.
55 citations
TL;DR: Village chicken flocks throughout Morocco harbour a reservoir of virulent NDV, independently of industrialised farms, and these flocks are likely to be velogenic.
51 citations
TL;DR: Viral antigen detection in tissues of experimentally infected chickens and pigs was successful, but in pigs yielded a lower positive score than the conventional method of virus isolation in eggs.
Abstract: A double antibody sandwich, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was developed to detect influenza A viral antigen, employing a monoclonal antibody directed against type-specific influenza A nucleoprotein (McAb anti-NP). McAb anti-NP was used to coat ELISA plates as well as to prepare the peroxidase conjugate. Influenza A viruses of avian, equine, swine, and human origin were detected in allantoic fluids of inoculated eggs with higher sensitivity by the DAS-ELISA than by hemagglutination (HA) assays. Minimal concentrations of 8 ng/ml influenza virus protein were detected in Nonidet P40-treated virus preparations. Viral antigen detection in tissues of experimentally infected chickens and pigs was successful, but in pigs yielded a lower positive score than the conventional method of virus isolation in eggs. The test is sensitive, rapid, and easy to perform, but does not permit influenza A subtyping. In avian species, the McAb anti-NP DAS-ELISA differentiates between influenza and Newcastle disease viruses. In pigs, the test distinguishes between influenza and Aujeszky's disease.
44 citations
TL;DR: The significance of chicken anaemia agent as a potential immunosuppressive agent for chickens is discussed with special reference to the control of Newcastle disease in laying and breeding hens.
Abstract: Broiler breeder hens from the same hatch were reared as two separate flocks, one in the field and one in experimental accommodation. Both received the same vaccination programme using the same batches of vaccines. One flock showed serological evidence of infection with chicken anaemia agent starting at 8 weeks, the other starting at 22 weeks old. Newcastle disease mean antibody titres 4 weeks after killed vaccine injected at 18 or 19 weeks old were 4.6 logs lower in the flock showing chicken anaemia agent antibody from 8 weeks old than in the flock seroconverting at 22 weeks. Three other field flocks showing poor responses to killed Newcastle disease vaccines were examined and found to be chicken anaemia agent positive when vaccinated: a further three flocks showing good Newcastle disease antibody responses were shown to be chicken anaemia agent-antibody negative. No difference in response to infectious bronchitis or infectious bursal disease killed vaccines was demonstrable between the two trial flocks. The significance of chicken anaemia agent as a potential immunosuppressive agent for chickens is discussed with special reference to the control of Newcastle disease in laying and breeding hens.
38 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The replication cycle of NDV has been studied effectively as a prototype for the Paramyxoviridae family of negative strand RNA viruses, and is the most rapid of all paramyxoviruses.
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has long been known as one of the most diverse and deadly avian pathogens. The replication cycle of NDV has also been studied effectively as a prototype for the Paramyxoviridae family of negative strand RNA viruses (1). In this role, NDV has several distinct advantages. It is easy to work with in cell culture because it is relatively stable, and replicates in many cell types. The NDV replication cycle is the most rapid of all paramyxoviruses. It replaces host protein synthesis with viral protein synthesis within 6 hr (2), producing maximal yields of viruses within 12 hr post-infection.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Until 1971, no case of natural infection by avian paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) (Newcastle disease virus, NDV) had been observed in pigeons.
Abstract: Until 1971, no case of natural infection by avian paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) (Newcastle disease virus, NDV) had been observed in pigeons.
TL;DR: Results indicate that manipulating surfactant HLB values of OE vaccine may maximize the HI response in broiler-type white rock chickens.
Abstract: SUMMARY. Preparations of inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) oil-emulsion vaccines with surfactant hydrophile-lipophile-balance (HLB) values between 4.3 and 9.5 were evaluated for their efficacy in broiler-type white rock chickens. Chickens were vaccinated at 3-4 weeks of age and bled at 2-week intervals over 8 weeks. Post-vaccinal hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) geometric mean titers (reciprocals) ranged from 197 to 485 for ND vaccines and from 184 to 1040 for AI vaccines. Based on the HI response, an HLB value of 7.0 induced the greatest stimulation of antibody titers. Ten percent surfactant in the oil phase of the vaccines induced maximum titers at this HLB. The oil: aqueous ratios of the vaccines did not greatly influence the overall serologic response when the vaccines had an HLB of 7.0. These results indicate that manipulating surfactant HLB values of OE vaccine may maximize the HI response in broilers. RESUMEN. Optimizaci6n del balance lipofilico-hidrofilico para mejorar la eficacia de las vacunas emulsionadas en aceite contra Newcastle e influenza aviar.
TL;DR: Experimental chickens were vaccinated orally with the avirulent V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus and haemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses were measured, and higher antibody titres were achieved with higher doses of virus.
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The supopulation complexes which presumably arose through mutation can be transmitted from host to host and appear to persist as complexes for many transfers both in nature and in the laboratory.
Abstract: Both wild-type isolates and laboratory cultured strains of Newcastle disease virus contain several subpopulations that are often distinguishable by their plaque morphology. When cloned, these subpopulations may differ significantly from each other in their ability to infect and induce disease in several avian species. They may also differ in physical properties, in their ability to be bound by monoclonal antibody and in their oligoribonucleotide arrays. The supopulation complexes which presumably arose through mutation can be transmitted from host to host and appear to persist as complexes for many transfers both in nature and in the laboratory. The stability of the population complexes raise questions about interactions among the subpopulations and the possible role of the population complexes in the evolution and survival of the virus.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Monoclonal antibodies can be used to show that variable and conserved antigens exist on all Newcastle disease virus (NDV) proteins and unequivocally separate NDV from other avian paramyxovirus serotypes.
Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) can be used to show that variable and conserved antigens exist on all Newcastle disease virus (NDV) proteins (Table 1) and unequivocally separate NDV from other avian paramyxovirus serotypes.
TL;DR: Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) by binary ethylenimine (BEI) is reported and the activity of an oil vaccine prepared with BEI-inactivated NDV was compared to a vaccine Prepared with formalin-inactivate NDV.
Abstract: Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) by binary ethylenimine (BEI) is reported. The activity of an oil vaccine prepared with BEI-inactivated NDV was compared to a vaccine prepared with formalin-inactivated NDV. The BEI inactivated vaccine had almost twice the efficacy.
Patent•
19 May 1988TL;DR: In this article, a vaccine against Newcastle Disease comprising a live immunogenic lentogenic or mesogenic strain of Newcastle Disease virus in combination with a liquid containing a mineral or vegetable oil adjuvant carrier together with instruction for the administering thereof to the respiratory tract of poults or chicks.
Abstract: The invention provides a vaccine against Newcastle Disease comprising a live immunogenic lentogenic or mesogenic strain of Newcastle Disease virus in combination with a liquid containing a mineral or vegetable oil adjuvant carrier together with instruction for the administering thereof to the respiratory tract of poults or chicks. The invention also provides a method for vaccinating chicks and poults against Newcastle Disease, comprising administering to the respiratory tract of said chicks and poults, at any time immediately after hatching and thereafter, a live immunogenic lentogenic or mesogenic strain of Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) in combination with a liquid containing a mineral or vegetable oil adjuvant carrier, to produce local antibodies in the respiratory tract thereof and confer an extended immunity against Newcastle Disease.
TL;DR: Avian paramyxovirus-3 was mitogenic to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from about half the normal birds sampled from 3 inbred flocks, and eight other myxoviruses including Newcastle disease virus, Sendai virus and influenza virus were also irregularly mitogenic.
TL;DR: Breeder hens vaccinated by spray with commercial La Sota vaccine and revaccinated subcutaneously with OE vaccine had an adequate level of resistance against a drop in egg production but demonstrated serologic evidence of infection when challenged with velogenic NDV at 38 weeks of age.
Abstract: Market turkeys spray-vaccinated at 20 days of age with viable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine and challenged 7 weeks postvaccination failed to yield NDV by tracheal swabbing 4 days postchallenge but demonstrated serologic evidence of infection. Birds vaccinated subcutaneously with inactivated oil-emulsion (OE) NDV vaccine had virologic and serologic evidence of infection. Breeder hens vaccinated by spray with commercial La Sota vaccine at 19 weeks of age and revaccinated subcutaneously with OE vaccine at 32 weeks of age had an adequate level of resistance against a drop in egg production but demonstrated serologic evidence of infection when challenged with velogenic NDV at 38 weeks of age.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The control policies for Newcastle disease (ND) depend on the specific requirements of the poultry industry in different countries and hence are submitted to regulations which aim to prevent their introduction, to limit spread and to lead to their eradication.
Abstract: Control policies for Newcastle disease (ND), depend on the specific requirements of the poultry industry in different countries. In most of them, ND and Avian Influenza, are the main diseases which are considered as very dangerous for poultry and hence are submitted to regulations which aim to prevent their introduction, to limit spread and to lead to their eradication.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Vaccination of flocks at risk is a highly effective method of control for Newcastle disease in those instances when the capacity of an eradication authority to contain it exceeds its capacity.
Abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is highly contagious, and attempts to control it by slaughter, sanitary measures and quarantine are often unsuccessful. In those instances when the disease either exceeds the capacity of an eradication authority to contain it, or when it becomes endemic, vaccination of flocks at risk is a highly effective method of control.
TL;DR: Progeny broiler flocks in which there was a high incidence of condemnations for airsacculitis had elevated antibody titers against IBV, and a few progeny broilers that experienced high mortality due to gangrenous dermatitis had no antibody titer against IBDV at processing.
Abstract: SUMMARY. A survey of antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and reovirus (RV) was conducted in broiler-breeder flocks and selected progeny broiler flocks utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Marked differences in antibody titers between different breeder flocks were related to differences in vaccination programs. Poor performance in some progeny broiler flocks was related to low antibody titers against IBDV in the source breeder flocks. Progeny broiler flocks in which there was a high incidence of condemnations for airsacculitis had elevated antibody titers against IBV. A few progeny broiler flocks that experienced high mortality due to gangrenous dermatitis had no antibody titers against IBDV at processing. Antibody titers against RV were very variable and could not be related to any production problems.
TL;DR: Results were highly correlated with their high intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPI), in spite of their long mean death time of minimum lethal dose (MDT/MLD).
Abstract: SUMMARY. The virus distribution and histopathologic changes in organs of 1-week-old chickens inoculated with three representative isolates of Newcastle disease virus isolated from racing pigeons in Japan were examined. All three isolates were recovered from various organs, including brain, for several days, but not from the blood. Results were highly correlated with their high intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPI), in spite of their long mean death time of minimum lethal dose (MDT/MLD).
TL;DR: ImmunoComb scores are highly correlated to hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers against infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus.
Abstract: ImmunoComb scores are highly correlated to hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers against infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. Statistical calculations permit using an individual COMBSCORE to predict the corresponding HI titer value. Tables are presented to facilitate the transformation of COMBSCORES into HI titers.
TL;DR: Haemolysis by WSN and PR8 influenza viruses was unaffected in cells pretreated with concanavalin A, peanut, wheatgerm or soybean lectins, suggesting a possible role of cellular carbohydrate in virus-cell fusion is discussed.
Abstract: The capacity of lectins to inhibit viral haemolysis of chicken erythrocytes was tested, to evaluate the role of carbohydrate in the fusion reaction. Pretreatment of cells with pea lectin provided a 70% to 85% haemolysis inhibition with WSN influenza virus, but only 10% to 14% with PR8 influenza virus. Pea lectin did not detectably bind to virus, nor did it inhibit virus binding to cells, but it did inhibit WSN influenza virus elution. Additionally, pea lectin was active against Sendai virus and B/Lee influenza virus, but inactive against Newcastle disease virus. Haemolysis by WSN and PR8 influenza viruses was unaffected in cells pretreated with concanavalin A, peanut, wheatgerm or soybean lectins. A possible role of cellular carbohydrate in virus-cell fusion is discussed.