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News media

About: News media is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12687 publications have been published within this topic receiving 294809 citations. The topic is also known as: press & news industry.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that people are much more likely to believe stories that favor their preferred candidate, especially if they have ideologically segregated social media networks, and that the average American adult saw on the order of one or perhaps several fake news stories in the months around the 2016 U.S. presidential election, with just over half of those who recalled seeing them believing them.
Abstract: Following the 2016 U.S. presidential election, many have expressed concern about the effects of false stories (“fake news”), circulated largely through social media. We discuss the economics of fake news and present new data on its consumption prior to the election. Drawing on web browsing data, archives of fact-checking websites, and results from a new online survey, we find: (i) social media was an important but not dominant source of election news, with 14 percent of Americans calling social media their “most important” source; (ii) of the known false news stories that appeared in the three months before the election, those favoring Trump were shared a total of 30 million times on Facebook, while those favoring Clinton were shared 8 million times; (iii) the average American adult saw on the order of one or perhaps several fake news stories in the months around the election, with just over half of those who recalled seeing them believing them; and (iv) people are much more likely to believe stories that favor their preferred candidate, especially if they have ideologically segregated social media networks.

3,959 citations

Book
01 Nov 1978
TL;DR: Newsworkers decide what news is, why they cover some items but not others, and how they decide what Inand others want to know as discussed by the authors, and the role of consciousness in the construction of social meanings and the organization of experience.
Abstract: PrefaceIn 1954 the Army-McCarthy hearings flickered across the nationrsntelevision sets, displacing soap operas, game shows, and daytimenmovies. I was one of the many children who came home from schoolnto watch that new form of daytime serial. Later I heard the adultsndiscuss the issues at family gatherings. In 1966, partially recallingnthose experiences and prompted by concern about the Vietnam war,nI began to study news. I reasoned that the news media set the framenin which citizens discuss public events and that the quality of civicndebate necessarily depends on the information available. Accordingly,n1 wanted to find out how newsworkers decide what news is, whynthey cover some items but not others, and how they decide what Inand others want to know. In short, I sought to uncover what sociologistsnnow call the latent structure of news.This book is the product of my attempt, over the past elevennyears, to learn about news as the social construction of reality. It is anstudy of the constraints of newswork and of the resources availablento newsworkers. It is a study of newsworkers as professionals and ofnnewspapers and television newsrooms as complex organizations.nAnd it is a study of methods of inquirymhow newsworkers determinenfacts and frame events and debates pertinent to our shared civicnlife.I cannot prove my early supposition that the news media set thencontext in which citizens discuss public issues, but I continue to believenthat they do so. Nor can I prove an early hunch, prompted bynmy participant observation, that news has an even greater impactnupon policy makers and politicians, although I continue to suspectnthat news is an interchange among politicians and policy makers,nnewsworkers, and their organizational superiors, and that the rest ofnus are eavesdroppers on that ongoing conversation. Other researchers,nmore skilled in the study of the mediars effects than I am, maynchoose to present those aspects of news in other volumes. I hope thatnI have offered enough material to facilitate their task.As well as presenting concrete descriptions, examples, andnanalyses of newswork, this book addresses a theoretical debate aboutnthe role of consciousness in the construction of social meanings andnthe organization of experience. With one exception, a brief review ofninterpretative theories appearing on pages 185-92, the debate is readilynaccessible to nonsociologists. Readers who are not concerned withnthe technical issues may skip those few pages and still follow thenthrust of my argument.I was a graduate student at Brandeis University when I begannthis study. I am grateful for the National Institute of Mental HealthnField Training Fellowship that enabled me to conduct the initial participantnobservation on which this book partially draws. As administratornof that program, Samuel Wallace read my field notes regularly.nEverett C. Hughes, Maurice Stein, and Kurt H. Wolff served onnmy dissertation committee. Robert Weiss and student-fellowsnNatalie Allon, Barbara Carter, Robert Emerson, Robert Laufer,nNancy Stoller Shaw, Jerold Starr, and Barrie Thorne providednencouragement and criticism that I still recall. Since the completion of that early work, I have been fortunatenin having other friends and colleagues who offered prompt criticalncomments when I needed them.n n n

3,592 citations

Book
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: Gans's Deciding What's News as mentioned in this paper is a sociological account of some of the country's most prominent national news media, focusing on the values, professional standards, and external pressures that shaped journalists' judgments.
Abstract: For ten years, Herbert J. Gans spent considerable time in four major television and magazine newsrooms, observing and talking to the journalists who choose the national news stories that inform America about itself. Writing during the golden age of journalism. Gans included such headline events as the War on Poverty, the Vietnam War and the protests against it, urban ghetto disorders, the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, and Watergate. He was interested in the values, professional standards, and the external pressures that shaped journalists' judgments. Deciding What's News has become a classic. A new preface outlines the major changes that have taken place in the news media since Gans first wrote the book, but it also suggests that the basics of news judgment and the structures of news organizations have changed little Gans's book is still the most comprehensive sociological account of some of the country's most prominent national news media. The book received the 1979 Theatre Library Association Award and the 1980 Book Award of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. This is the first work to be published under the Medill School of Journalism's "Visions of the American Press" imprint, a new journalism history series featuring both original volumes and reprints of important classics.

2,085 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors investigated the prevalence of five news frames identified in earlier studies on framing and framing effects: attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences, and morality, and found that the use of news frames depended on both the type of outlet and the topic most significant differences were not between media (television vs the press) but between sensationalist vs serious types of news outlets.
Abstract: We investigated the prevalence of 5 news frames identified in earlier studies on framing and framing effects: attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences, and morality We content analyzed 2,601 newspaper stories and 1,522 television news stories in the period surrounding the Amsterdam meetings of European heads of state in 1997 Our results showed that, overall, the attribution of responsibility frame was most commonly used in the news, followed by the conflict, economic consequences, human interest, and morality frames, respectively The use of news frames depended on both the type of outlet and the type of topic Most significant differences were not between media (television vs the press) but between sensationalist vs serious types of news outlets Sober and serious newspapers and television news programs more often used the responsibility and conflict frames in the presentation of news, whereas sensationalist outlets more often used the human interest frame

2,006 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors presented a comprehensive review of detecting fake news on social media, including fake news characterizations on psychology and social theories, existing algorithms from a data mining perspective, evaluation metrics and representative datasets.
Abstract: Social media for news consumption is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, its low cost, easy access, and rapid dissemination of information lead people to seek out and consume news from social media. On the other hand, it enables the wide spread of \fake news", i.e., low quality news with intentionally false information. The extensive spread of fake news has the potential for extremely negative impacts on individuals and society. Therefore, fake news detection on social media has recently become an emerging research that is attracting tremendous attention. Fake news detection on social media presents unique characteristics and challenges that make existing detection algorithms from traditional news media ine ective or not applicable. First, fake news is intentionally written to mislead readers to believe false information, which makes it difficult and nontrivial to detect based on news content; therefore, we need to include auxiliary information, such as user social engagements on social media, to help make a determination. Second, exploiting this auxiliary information is challenging in and of itself as users' social engagements with fake news produce data that is big, incomplete, unstructured, and noisy. Because the issue of fake news detection on social media is both challenging and relevant, we conducted this survey to further facilitate research on the problem. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review of detecting fake news on social media, including fake news characterizations on psychology and social theories, existing algorithms from a data mining perspective, evaluation metrics and representative datasets. We also discuss related research areas, open problems, and future research directions for fake news detection on social media.

1,891 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023158
2022366
2021708
2020694
2019646
2018649