Showing papers on "Night vision published in 1983"
Stanford University1, University of Pennsylvania2, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary3, VCU Medical Center4, New York University5, University of Washington6, Johns Hopkins University7, Harvard University8, University of California, Berkeley9, University of Texas at Austin10, Columbia University11, Jules Stein Eye Institute12, Baylor College of Medicine13, University of Zurich14, University of Toronto15, Oregon Health & Science University16, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center17
TL;DR: This report represents a summary of opinions expressed at a meeting of specialists interested in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and allied diseases, at which an attempt was made to define some minimum guidelines for ocular evaluation of these disorders.
110 citations
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01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The most brilliant colors to be seen are the spectral colors, that is, the colors of the rainbow or those seen when white light is viewed through a prism or through a spectroscope as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The most brilliant colors to be seen are the spectral colors, that is, the colors of the rainbow or those seen when white light is viewed through a prism or through a spectroscope. Anyone who has not done so should seek out some opportunity to view sunlight through a spectroscope to appreciate the brilliance and variety of these colors.
59 citations
TL;DR: Night vision was tested electroretinographically and psychophysically in a vitamin A deficient patient before and after therapy and only after 7 months did night vision reach the normal level with regard to the time course of rod adaptation, rod sensitivity, and ERG responses.
Abstract: Night vision was tested electroretinographically and psychophysically in a vitamin A deficient patient before and after therapy. Vitamin A deficiency resulted from malabsorption due to a jeujunoileal bypass operation. Before therapy the patient had severely reduced cone and rod function. After the reversal operation, accompanied by 5 injections of a total of 500,000 units of vitamin A, complete recovery of cone and rod functions was observed within 7 months. Shortly after therapy rod sensitivity reached the normal level, while the time course of rod adaptation remained slower than normal and the dark-adapted electroretinographic (ERG) responses were subnormal. At later stages the ERG responses reached normal amplitudes but rod adaptation stayed slow. Only after 7 months did night vision reach the normal level with regard to the time course of rod adaptation, rod sensitivity, and ERG responses.
45 citations
TL;DR: The effects of 16 d of sustained hypoxia on the dark adaptation threshold function were studied in 12 male subjects measured periodically over a 20-min test period for both red and green stimuli using a new computerized dark adaptometer.
Abstract: The effects of 16 d of sustained hypoxia (4300-m equivalent) on the dark adaptation threshold function were studied in 12 male subjects measured periodically (days 2,4,6,9,11,13,16 of exposure) over a 20-min test period for both red and green stimuli using a new computerized dark adaptometer. Comparison with sea level performance showed negligible elevations of thresholds for red response, but highly significant impairment of green response (p less than 0.00001) over almost the entire dark adaptation function. These losses peaked between the sixth and ninth day followed by little recovery, except at the eleventh day when the subjects descended briefly to 3200 m elevation. Impairments developed rapidly again upon return to the original higher altitude. The results differ from previous findings after shorter exposure periods, which showed only slight impairments of the early segment of dark adaptation. Implications of the results are discussed.
29 citations
26 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the WAML significantly reduced error rates and was preferred by most subjects; it was reported to be used regularly by individuals who owned it, and was not effective as an ambulatory night mobility aid for most patients.
25 citations
22 Sep 1983
TL;DR: The Earth as viewed from space in visible light at night reveals some features not easily discernible during the day such as aurora, forest fires, city lights and gas flares.
Abstract: The earth as viewed from space in visible light at night reveals some features not easily discernible during the day such as aurora, forest fires, city lights and gas flares. In addition, those features having a high albedo such as snow and ice can be identified on many moonlit nights nearly as well as they can in sunlight. The Air Force DMSP satellites have been operating in the visible wavelengths at night since the mid 1960s. Most all other satellites having optical sensors are incapable of imaging at night. Imaging systems having improved light sensitivity in the visible portion of the spectrum should be considered when planning future earth resources satellite missions in order to utilize nighttime as well as daytime visual observations.
24 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to measure visual acuity with and without the Night Vision Aid at a variety of light levels to determine how much visual assistance it provided over a wide range of illuminations.
Abstract: The Night Vision Aid is a photomultiplier device developed by International Telephone and Telegraph Co. (ITT) and the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation as a mobility aid for those with night blindness. The purpose of this study was to measure visual acuity with and without the Night Vision Aid at a variety of light levels to determine how much visual assistance it provided over a wide range of illuminations. Ten normal subjects and five patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) used the aid at nine luminance levels ranging from 10(-6) to 10(2) ml. With the device, visual acuity improved at light levels below 0.1 ml and target visibility was extended about 3 log units further into low luminance. At light levels above 0.1 mL, unassisted visual acuity was better in all normal and most RP subjects. The best visual acuity attained with the Night Vision Aid was 6/15 (20/50). Graphs and dark adaptation curves illustrate our findings.
11 citations
TL;DR: On the average, the NVA did not significantly improve the subjects’ mobility at night; the majority of them preferred the WAML.
Abstract: The Night Vision Aid (NVA) was evaluated to determine its effectiveness as an orientation and mobility (O&M) aid for legally blind people with night blindness Twenty-four subjects walked a prescri
9 citations
Patent•
04 Oct 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a periscopic observation apparatus enabling day vision, night vision and laser telemetry to be used simultaneously is described. But it is not shown how to use it in practice.
Abstract: The subject of the invention is a periscopic observation apparatus enabling day vision, night vision and laser telemetry to be used simultaneously. Between the infrared camera 1 and the entrance mirror 2 is disposed a separating plate 3 which is fixed in relation to the base 4 of the observation apparatus while the infrared camera is slaved to the rotation, about the axis 5, of the viewing head 6 which is itself slaved to the rotation of the entrance mirror 2 about the same axis 5. Application to observation apparatuses and firing sights.
9 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This paper carefully defines the distinctions between malingering, hysteria, and true disease consistent with the defect claimed and provides a systematic approach to history, examination, and special testing of a possible ocular malingerer/hysteric.
Abstract: Malingering is the conscious creation of a functional defect or denial of a true defect. Positive malingering is the former, and negative malingering is the latter. Hysteria is similar to malingering except that it is unconscious. Ocular malingering is common among draft evaders. The flight surgeon or military ophthalmologist will more commonly see the negative malingerer in peacetime because of the high physical standards for flying. Wartime creates a sudden shift towards positive malingering, however, for obvious reasons. This paper carefully defines the distinctions between malingering, hysteria, and true disease consistent with the defect claimed. It also provides a systematic approach to history, examination, and special testing of a possible ocular malingerer/hysteric. A number of common ocular complaints are considered separately, including decreased visual acuity, visual field defects, night vision defects, color vision defects, ocular muscle defects, automutilatory defects, opacification of transparent media, blepharospasm, intraocular disease, and asthenopia.
16 Jun 1983
TL;DR: Recently, large diameter but compact biocular magnifiers have been designed, using inexpensive and lightweight optical components such as plastic aspheric and Fresnel lenses as discussed by the authors, which are used to view the outputs of image intensifier tubes.
Abstract: Biocular magnifiers are in widespread use in night vision equipment. These bioculars, used to view the outputs of image intensifier tubes, are typically of x5 magnification. This magnification, and consequent upper limit on biocular diameter, has precluded their use for applications such as the relaxed viewing of CRT displays. Conventional glass bioculars scaled-up in diameter could be used to magnify. small CRTs but would, have no size or cost advantage relative to a large diameter CRT. Recently, however, large diameter but compact biocular magnifiers have been designed, using inexpensive and lightweight optical components such as plastic aspheric and Fresnel lenses. The following describes these designs and exawines their characteristics.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
01 Jun 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a Westinghouse vision system was added to an existing electronically controllable Army Vehicle to investigate autonomous vehicle navigation in a scenario where targets are either designated by laser spotting or their locations and identities transmitted to friendly forces.
Abstract: : Many groups are now attempting to build autonomous land robots. However, no vehicle fitting this description exists today. The difficult problems that must be solved are obstacle avoidance and scene matching to map coordinates. Autonomous robot vehicles would be used primarily by the military for reconnaissance. Enemy targets would either be designated by laser spotting or their locations and identities transmitted to friendly forces. Westinghouse as a subcontractor to the Computer Vision Lab of the University of Maryland, with the support of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electro-Optics Laboratory, is developing a test-bed facility for investigating autonomous vehicle navigation. A Westinghouse vision system will be added to an existing electronically controllable Army Vehicle. (Author)
01 Jan 1983
23 Jun 1983
TL;DR: In this article, Second Generation Microchannel Plate (MCP) image intensifiers are discussed and principles of operation are reviewed and performance advantages pointed out, and several applications in law enforcement are given.
Abstract: Applications of Second Generation Microchannel Plate (MCP) image intensifiers are discussed. Principles of operation are reviewed and performance advantages pointed out. Improvements now being phased into production are described. Finally, several applications in law enforcement are given.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Patent•
08 Dec 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, an insight device for a display device, particularly for a day and night vision visor device for aligning a weapon, was described. But this device is not suitable for the use of day-and night-vision.
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einblick-Vorrichtung fur ein Sichtgerat, insbesondere fur ein Tag- und Nachtsicht-Visiergerat zum Ausrichten einer Waffe. The invention relates to an insight device for a display device, particularly for a day and night vision visor device for aligning a weapon. Diese Einblick-Vorrichtung (5) umfasst im wesentlichen einen Stutzkorper (10) sowie einen ersten und einen zweiten Haltekorper (20,30), wobei die genannten Teile (10,20,30) eine an einem Gehause (2) des Sichtgerates (100) angeordnete Baueinheit bilden. substantially this insight device (5) comprises a support body (10) and a first and a second support body (20,30), said parts (10,20,30) (on a housing (2) of the visual display unit 100 ) arranged unit form. Zwecks parktikabler Handhabung und Anpassung des Stutzkorpers (10) an die Kopfform des jeweiligen Beobachters (1) sind an der Aussenseite (11') einer Stirnanlage (11) des Stutzkorpers (10) zwei im Abstand zueinander angeordnete, scharnierartig ausgebildete Gelenke (A,B) vorgesehen, durch welche bei geringem Anpressdruck gegen die Innenseite (11') der Stirnanlage (11) der aus elatomerem Kunststoff hergestellte Stutzkorper (10) verformt und entsprechend angepasst wird. In order parktikabler handling and adjustment of the support body (10) to the head shape of the respective observer (1) on the outside (11 ') of an end system (11) of the support body (10) two mutually spaced hinge-like design joints (A, B ) is provided, through which (with low contact pressure against the inner side (11 ') of the end fence 11) of the supporting body made of plastic elatomerem (10) deformed and is adjusted accordingly. Zwecks Betatigung einer in dem Sichtegerat (100) angeordneten Laser-Distanzmesseinrichtung ist die aus den Teilen (10,20,30) gebildete Baueinheit an dem Gehause (2) angelenkt, wobei an dem zweiten Haltekorper (30) ein mit einem Sicherungsschalter (5) in Eingriff bringbares Schaltglied (35) vorgesehen ist. For the purpose of actuating a in the Sichtegerat (100) arranged laser distance measuring device consisting of the parts (10,20,30) is articulated formed assembly on the housing (2), wherein on the second support body (30) with a safety switch (5) engageable switching member (35) is provided.
11 Jul 1983
01 Oct 1983
TL;DR: Analysis with a pairwise comparison on contact and spectacle wearers showed hard contact lenses to be worst, followed by soft contact lenses and spectacles, and a concern for the ability and safety of corrective lens wearers during nicht driving is indicated.
Abstract: Glare sensitivity, night vision and glare recovery measures on a night-driving vision tester were collected on 60 students, of whom 34 had uncorrected vision, 18 wore corneal contact lenses and 8 w...
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TL;DR: For example, in this article, a blind woman who has read braille since the age of 10 has been able to read all of the 33 shapes completed to date easily, accurately identifying the number and kind of intersections, the approximate angles between branches, and the number of regions, their approximate shapes and relative sizes.
Abstract: been blind since she was eight years old and who has read braille since the age of 10, was my major source of feedback. Her innate sensitivity and appreciation of art (she often goes with her family to feel the sculpture in art shows) made her an excellent tester. Mrs. Innis was \"delighted by the embossings,\" desribing them as \"very graceful and pleasing.\" She has been able to read all of the 33 shapes completed to date easily, accurately identifying the number and kind of intersections, the approximate angles between branches, and the number of regions, their approximate shapes and relative sizes. She could also distinguish relative amounts of curvature. In comparison, she found many of the relatively complex, representational\" raised area\" cards made for blind people to be very difficult to read. Furthermore, she found