Showing papers on "Night vision published in 1985"
Patent•
11 Jun 1985TL;DR: In this paper, an infrared imager and a color TV camera view the same scene and the output signals are mixed and fed to a color television monitor so that the scene at night is visible in a black and white format with warm objects appearing dark, and bright colors such as lights appear in natural color superimposed on the image.
Abstract: An infrared imager and a color TV camera view the same scene and the output signals are mixed and fed to a color television monitor so that the scene at night is visible in a black and white format with warm objects appearing dark, and bright colors such as lights appear in natural color superimposed on the black and white image.
319 citations
Patent•
04 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a tether connected package that can be excited directly from existing wiring in fixtures is used to change the illumination in an aircraft cockpit or other enclosure to a spectrum compatible with night vision infrared equipment including provision for easy return to the original illumination source.
Abstract: An arrangement for conveniently changing the illumination in an aircraft cockpit or other enclosure to a spectrum compatible with night vision infrared equipment including provision for easy return to the original illumination source. Selected LED elements are employed in multiple element arrays using a tether connected package that can be excited directly from existing wiring in fixtures.
124 citations
Patent•
12 Dec 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a flexible temporal strip (18) is joined to a flexible crown strip (20) in the forehead region, at which juncture a pair of integral rails (74, 76) suspend the goggle from there.
Abstract: A headgear (10) for supporting a night vision goggle (12) to the head of a wearer. A flexible temporal strip (18) is joined to a flexible crown strip (20) in the forehead region, at which juncture a pair of integral rails (74, 76) suspend the goggle (12) therefrom. The temporal strip (18) and crown strip (20) include free ends which are directed toward the posterior of the cranium (22) and are connected by straps (36, 46, 48) to a webbed pad (38) which engages the occipital protuberance to prevent forward rotation of the headgear (10) due to the weight of the goggle (12). Lower girth straps (68, 69) maintain attachment of the headgear (10) to the cranium (22) and further aid in antirotational movement.
76 citations
TL;DR: It was shown that when the pedestrian is unexpected, the usefulness of the tag is significant only if the driver can rely on it as a criterion for detection (by prior knowledge of the association between the tag and the pedestrian).
Abstract: Nighttime pedestrian visibility was studied under various combinations of driver expectancy (to see a pedestrian on the road), pedestrian clothing characteristics (dark clothing, light clothing, an...
72 citations
Patent•
12 Dec 1985
TL;DR: A bracket for releasably engaging a goggle (14) to a headgear (12) is described in this article, where the bracket includes a receptacle (52) with inside tapered sidewalls (124) matable with the goggle stud (55) having corresponding outer tapered sides.
Abstract: A bracket (10) for releasably engaging a goggle (14) to a headgear (12). The bracket (10) includes a receptacle (52) with inside tapered sidewalls (124) matable with a goggle stud (55) having corresponding outer tapered sidewalls (125). A release lever (22) is housed in said stud (55) and includes a transverse notch (140) latchable with a lug (146) on a catch arm (144) adjustably fixed within the receptacle (52). The catch arm (144) is adjustable by an eccentric (162) while the goggle stud (55) is engaged within the receptacle (52).
46 citations
Patent•
04 Feb 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a passive night vision reflex sight with a wide F.O.V.E.D. and designed for attachment to a firearm, such as a rifle, is described.
Abstract: A passive night vision reflex sight with a wide F.O.V. and designed for attachment to a weapon, such as a rifle, is disclosed. The night vision reflex sight preferably is designed for use in combination with a night vision goggle; it can also be used as in daylight without such a goggle, however. When in place, it continues to allow the use of the daytime battle sight of the weapon. The night vision reflex sight comprises a sight for viewing an image of a scene along a line of sight, a photoreceptive sensor aligned with the line of sight and viewing the image, a battery powered red L.E.D., together with a reticle, a lens, and a filter for generating a pulsed or d.c. light and for directing it at the reflex sight, with the sight reflecting the pulsed or d.c. light into the photoreceptive sensor and superimposing it on the image. Preferably, the reticle is adjustable, the pulsed light is pulsed at a rate between about two to about twelve c.p.s. Preferably, the reflex sight is disposed within a housing baffled toward the front, and a demountable flared light shield having a flexible shutter is provided on the housing toward the rear. Preferably, the brightness of the pulsed light is adjustable.
34 citations
Patent•
[...]
06 Dec 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a night vision system consisting of a helmet and a night-vision device is described, where a four-bar linkage arrangement is used to constrain the eye pieces for rotational movement about the respective eye positions (IL, IR) between different operative positions.
Abstract: A night vision system comprising a helmet (1) having a transparent visor (13 or 15) before or movable to a position before the eye positions (IL, IR) of an observer wearing the helmet and a night vision device (19) having two eye pieces (22L, 22R), one for each eye, supported dependant from the helmet (11) so as to present the eye pieces (22L, 22R) of the device (19) at a short distance before the helmet wearer's eye positions and the visor (13 or 15). The device (19) is supported by means of a four-bar linkage arrangement (A,B,C,D) which constrains the eye pieces (22L, 22R) for rotational movement about the respective eye positions (IL, IR) between different operative positions, and so that the eye pieces (22L, 22R) do not make contact with the visor (13 or 15) during eye piece movement.
31 citations
Patent•
19 Jul 1985
TL;DR: Specially tinted lenses will provide substantial benefits to patients with various forms of visual disturbance caused by a recently identified functional disorder called the Irlen Syndrome of scotopic sensitivity, who show over-stimulation of receptor cells in the wavelength band of 425 to 575 nm as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Specially tinted lenses will provide substantial benefits to patients with various forms of visual disturbance caused by a recently identified functional disorder called the Irlen Syndrome of scotopic sensitivity, who show over-stimulation of receptor cells in the wavelength band of 425 to 575 nm. Symptomatically, the Irlen Syndrome is characterized by reduced visual resolution, impaired depth perception, impaired peripheral vision, and ocular vertigo. With use of the lenses the patients report improved visual resolution, increased comfort from reduced symptoms of eye strain, increased depth perception and peripheral vision, and reduced symptoms of ocular vertigo. The treatment includes experientially fitting the patient with lenses of an optimal color and transmission density, namely a predetermined attenuation in the 425-575 nm band. It has been determined according to the invention that pink and peach singly or in combination with blue, green, gray, purple, goldenrod, and yellow tints, can be effectively combined to achieve symptomatic relief. The color and density which is optimal for each patient must be determined individually for each patient and optimized as evaluated by pre-testing and post-testing on the Irlen Differential Perception Scale. Tinting and optical density are further optimized in each patient for near vision, far vision, and night vision.
29 citations
TL;DR: Electrophysiologic examination showed increased photoreceptor dysfunction with equal involvement of the rod and cone system and patients had an acquired type III blue-yellow color vision defect with pseudoprotanomaly.
28 citations
TL;DR: Seven cases of subacute central and peripheral neurologic dysfunction developed in 18 workers employed in the manufacture of reinforced plastic bathtubs, and BHMH was withdrawn from distribution following discovery of these cases.
Abstract: Seven cases of subacute central and peripheral neurologic dysfunction developed in 18 workers employed in the manufacture of reinforced plastic bathtubs. Cases were characterized by weight loss, dizziness, paresthesias, muscle weakness, incontinence, memory loss, and loss of peripheral, color, and night vision. Neuropathies began distally, involved both sensory and motor function, and were associated with prolonged sensory latency, muscle fibrillation, and reduced numbers of functioning motor units. One patient developed posterior lenticular cataracts. Slow improvement occurred on removal from exposure, but residual neuropathies persisted for as long as two years. Epidemiologic investigation disclosed that the first case developed approximately two weeks after introduction of a new plastic foaming agent, 2-t-butylazo-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexane (BHMH). All cases occurred in workers exposed directly to BHMH. No new cases developed after use of BHMH was discontinued. A survey of the firm which produced BHMH an...
28 citations
Patent•
12 Dec 1985
TL;DR: An adjustment mechanism for adjusting headgear-mounted vision equipment with respect to the viewer's eyes is described in this article, where a goggle is mounted to a carriage (20) which is slideable on a frame (10) mounted to the headgear.
Abstract: An adjustment mechanism for adjusting headgear-mounted vision equipment with respect to the viewer's eyes. A goggle (14) is mounted to a carriage (20) which is slideable on a frame (10) mounted to the headgear (12). The carriage (20) is slideable on a rail (16) by a tongue and groove arrangement (48), and slideable on a rod (42). The carriage (20) includes a cavity (62) with a coil spring (64) therein encircling the rod (42). In its relaxed state, the coil spring (64) firmly engages the rod (42) and prevents movement of the carriage (20) on the rod (42). The coil spring ends (66, 68) are compressible together to release the engagement of the coil spring (64) about the rod (42). A finger-operated plunger assembly (28) includes a slotted end (118) for engaging one spring end (68). When the plunger button (116) is depressed, the spring ends (66, 68) are pressed together, thereby permitting adjustment of the carriage (20) on the rod (42).
01 Aug 1985
TL;DR: This manual was designed to provide useful information to the medical personnels that provide direct support to operational units and to update the educational level of USAF flight surgeons, base optometrists, and ophthamologists about the aeromedical aspects of night vision and the new NVG technology.
Abstract: : The Ophthalmology Branch, at the USAF School fo Aerospace Medicine, has initiated a program to extensively study night visual performance. Some of the objectives of ths program are to develop a simple, rapid, and accurate night vision screening device; establish norms for flying personnel; evaluate training and enhancement techniques; determine the effects of various nutrients and drugs; and investigate image-intensifying devices--i.e., night vision goggles (NVG). An additional objective is to update the educational level of USAF flight surgeons, base optometrists, and ophthamologists about the aeromedical aspects of night vision and the new NVG technology. This manual was designed to provide useful information to the medical personnels that provide direct support to operational units.
Patent•
12 Dec 1985
TL;DR: A circuit for automatically removing battery power from a night vision goggle (10) upon its detachment from a headgear (12) is presented in this paper, where a magnet (34) on the headgear is magnetically coupled to a magnetic reed switch (36) fixed to the goggle.
Abstract: A circuit for automatically removing battery power from a night vision goggle (10) upon its detachment from a headgear (12) A magnet (34) on the headgear (12) is magnetically coupled to a magnetic reed switch (36) fixed to the goggle (10) On detachment of the goggle (10) from the headgear (12), the reed switch (36) switches battery current to a capacitively coupled coil (52) of a bistable latching relay (K1) Relay (K1) contacts (56, 62) are disconnected thus removing power from the image intensifier tube (40) On reattachment of the goggle (10) to the headgear (12), the On-Off switch (18) is cycled to pulse latching Relay K1 coil (64), thereby establishing a current path to the tube (40)
Patent•
09 Dec 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a night vision goggle compatible red lighting in which the red light does not adversely affect the gain of the night vision goggles yet is visible to the unaided eye.
Abstract: Night Vision Goggle compatible red lighting in which the red light does not adversely affect the gain of the night vision goggles yet is visible to the unaided eye. The red light is filtered by a filter which transmits at least about 80% of the visible spectrum within a range up to about 640 nanometers in wavelength and inhibits the transmission of 99.9% of said red light above about 720 nanometers in wavelength on the electromagnetic spectrum within the spectral sensitivity of the night vision goggles.
01 Mar 1985
TL;DR: The Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System study was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control System program to develop flight control laws for the ADOCS demonstrator aircraft.
Abstract: The Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System (ACC/AFCS) study was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control System (ADOCS) program. Specifically, the ACC/AFCS investigation was aimed at developing the flight control laws for the ADOCS demonstrator aircraft that will provide satisfactory handling qualities for an attack helicopter mission. The three major elements of design considered during the study are as follows: Pilot's integrated Side-Stick Controller (SSC) -- Number of axes controlled; force/displacement characteristics; ergonomic design. Stability and Control Augmentation System (SCAS)--Digital flight control laws for the various mission phases; SCAS mode switching logic. Pilot's Displays--For night/adverse weather conditions, the dynamics of the superimposed symbology presented to the pilot in a format similar to the Advanced Attack Helicopter (AAH) Pilot Night Vision System (PNVS) for each mission phase as a function of SCAS characteristics; display mode switching logic. Volume 1 is an Executive Summary of the study. Conclusions drawn from analysis of pilot rating data and commentary were used to formulate recommendations for the ADOCS demonstrator flight control system design. The ACC/AFCS simulation data also provide an extensive data base to aid the development of advanced flight control system design for future V/STOL aircraft.
01 Mar 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, an Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System (ACC/AFCS) study was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control Systems (ADOCS) program.
Abstract: The Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System (ACC/AFCS) study was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control System (ADOCS) program. Specifically, the ACC/AFCS investigation was aimed at developing the flight control laws for the ADOCS demonstator aircraft which will provide satisfactory handling qualities for an attack helicopter mission. The three major elements of design considered are as follows: Pilot's integrated Side-Stick Controller (SSC) -- Number of axes controlled; force/displacement characteristics; ergonomic design. Stability and Control Augmentation System (SCAS)--Digital flight control laws for the various mission phases; SCAS mode switching logic. Pilot's Displays--For night/adverse weather conditions, the dynamics of the superimposed symbology presented to the pilot in a format similar to the Advanced Attack Helicopter (AAH) Pilot Night Vision System (PNVS) for each mission phase is a function of SCAS characteristics; display mode switching logic. Results of the five piloted simulations conducted at the Boeing Vertol and NASA-Ames simulation facilities are presented in Volume 3. Conclusions drawn from analysis of pilot rating data and commentary were used to formulate recommendations for the ADOCS demonstrator flight control system design. The ACC/AFCS simulation data also provide an extensive data base to aid the development of advanced flight control system design for future V/STOL aircraft.
01 Mar 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted an Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System (ACC/AFCS) study to develop flight control laws for the ADOCS demonstrator aircraft which will provide satisfactory handling qualities for an attack helicopter mission.
Abstract: The Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System (ACC/AFCS) study was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control System (ADOCS) program. Specifically, the ACC/AFCS investigation was aimed at developing the flight control laws for the ADOCS demonstrator aircraft which will provide satisfactory handling qualities for an attack helicopter mission. The three major elements of design considered are as follows: Pilot's integrated Side-Stick Controller (SSC) -- Number of axes controlled; force/displacement characteristics; ergonomic design. Stability and Control Augmentation System (SCAS)--Digital flight control laws for the various mission phases; SCAS mode switching logic. Pilot's Displays--For night/adverse weather conditions, the dynamics of the superimposed symbology presented to the pilot in a format similar to the Advanced Attack Helicopter (AAH) Pilot Night Vision System (PNVS) for each mission phase as a function of ACAS characteristics; display mode switching logic. Findings from the literature review and the analysis and synthesis of desired control laws are reported in Volume 2. Conclusions drawn from pilot rating data and commentary were used to formulate recommendations for the ADOCS demonstrator flight control system design. The ACC/AFCS simulation data also provide an extensive data base to aid the development of advanced flight control system design for future V/STOL aircraft.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the WAML can be a useful device for most individuals who have night blindness with constricted peripheral visual fields.
Abstract: The Wide Angle Mobility Light (WAML) is a commercially available night vision aid The present study tested the effectiveness of the device in helping night-blind subjects walk a course of resident
Patent•
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24 Dec 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a large image intensifier was coupled to a video camera by a fibre optic reducer, whereby the size of the image was reduced to match the size without significant loss of brilliance.
Abstract: A night vision system 1 has a large image intensifier device 2 coupled to a video camera 5 by a fibre optic reducer 6, whereby the size of the image is reduced to match the size of camera tube 4 without significant loss of brilliance. A conductive screen 20 (Figure 3) covers the input face of the reducer 6 and is used to leak electron charges to earth whereby any electric interference is reduced. Magnets may be attached to the reducer 6 in order to reduce geometric image distortion. Control arrangements for the intensifier 2 and video camera 5 are described (Figure 4). Visibility of a partly submerged object e.g. a loy can be enhanced by stretching the image in a vertical plane.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is suggested that jejunoileal bypass patients be routinely questioned about decreased night vision and dark adaptation testing should be done to establish the presence of abnormal rod function and serum levels of vitamin A or carotene should be obtained to identify the cause.
Patent•
23 Dec 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a night vision system in which a lamp radiating toward the pupil of a user has its intensity controlled in response to the sensing of other illumination directed toward the user's pupil, so that pupil size is reduced in the anticipation of an increase in illumination which would otherwise considerably reduce retinal sensitivity.
Abstract: A night vision system in which a lamp radiating toward the pupil of a user has its intensity controlled in response to the sensing of other illumination directed toward the user's pupil, so that pupil size is reduced in the anticipation of an increase in illumination which would otherwise considerably reduce retinal sensitivity.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The use of a zircon sand mold for titanium casting is described in this article, where the metal-mold reaction is examined in terms of the gating and risering systems.
Abstract: The use of a zircon sand mold for titanium casting is described. Zircon sand with 15 percent zirconia and a sodium silicate binder were utilized for making the mold in this experiment. The metal-mold reaction is examined in terms of the gating and risering systems. An example in which a night vision instrument is cast is presented. It is noted that zircon sand is an effective molding material for casting titanium. 7 references.
01 Aug 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the AN/AVS-6 Aviators Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS) display luminance on the setting of instrument lighting levels were investigated.
Abstract: : Two experimental investigations were performed to determine the effects of the AN/AVS-6 Aviators Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS) display luminance on the setting of instrument lighting levels. In a laboratory study using a simulated A-10 night lighting mockup, eight subjects adjusted instrument lighting levels to what they judged to be the minimum required for safe readability of instruments. Prior to the adjustment of instrument lighting, the subjects were preadapted to various ambient lighting conditions, including a simulated ground luminance of a full moonlit night and two simulated ANVIS display luminances. Results show primary instrument lighting levels were set higher, by a factor of 1.6 following adaptation to the 1.0 foot lambert (ft-L) ANVIS luminance test condition when compared to lighting levels set following adaptation to a 0.00065 ft-L ambient luminance condition. Keywords include: Night vision, Night lighting, Night Visual Acuity, ANVIS, DArk adaptation, and AN/AVS-6.
26 Apr 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the ability to see simulated ship silhouettes and shadows within 10 seconds of looking away from either red or white light of equal brightness was measured, and there were no significant differences in the ability of the subjects to see such targets after adaptation to either red and white light at either 0.1 or.01 fL, or when the background illumination was.09 fc or.006 fc.
Abstract: : The ability to see simulated ship silhouettes and shadows within 10 seconds of looking away from either red or white light of equal brightness was measured. There were no significant differences in the ability to see such targets after adaptation to red or white light at either 0.1 or .01 fL, or when the background illumination was .09 fc or .006 fc. Keywords: Red adaptation; night vision; periscope viewing; red adaptation.
29 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The GP/NVG and AN/PVS-7 goggle as mentioned in this paper are two similar night vision goggles that use a single objective lens and a single image intensifier tube.
Abstract: Baird Corporation of Bedford, Massachusetts, has designed and developed two similar night vision goggles. These goggles are binocular viewing to the wearer's eyes, but use a single objective lens and a single image intensifier tube. Binocular viewing is achieved by dividing a single image and sharing it between the'viewer's eyes. The goggles are self-sufficient, independent instruments which can be simply and easily interfaced with a face mask that the viewer wears. This paper covers the main design considerations that are associated with achieving the goals of these goggle configurations and their performance. Baird's first goggle design is designated the GP/NVG; the second is designated the AN/PVS-7. The GP/NVG night vision goggle is a high-performance, single intensifier tube, passive night vision device that provides the user with a 40-degree field of view at unity magnification. The fixed aperture, f/1.0 objective lens collects the available light and images it on the fiber optic faceplate of the second generation image intensifier tube. The image intensifier tube converts the real image at the fiber optic faceplate into electrons across the image, amplifies them, and then reconverts the electrons into a real, visible image at the fiber optic output of the tube. This image is then collimated to appear as if it is coming from infinity, split in two, and reimaged by the relay lenses. The eyelenses provide a magnified image to the user. The user can adjust each eyelens to clearly view the output faceplate of the image intensifier tube. This adjustment is made only once for each user. The objective focus can be manually set for distances from 25 centimeters to infinity. The general configuration of this night vision goggle is similar to that of a pair of single objective binocular field glasses. It is extremely lightweight (with most of the main construction molded from plastic) and compact for easy handling. All adjustments and on/off switching have been "human" engineered for ease of operation. To meet the requirements of the U.S. Army, Baird is now developing the AN/PVS-7 goggle. The most significant difference from the GP/NVG goggle is the use of a third generation image intensifier tube in the AN/PVS-7 goggle. Other changes have also been made, but the general design is the same for both.