Topic
Night vision
About: Night vision is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6004 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67372 citations.
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TL;DR: Celestial visibility is the study of the limits of observability of objects in the sky, with application to deducing the truth about historical events or to the derivation of astronomical information of modern utility as discussed by the authors.
92 citations
TL;DR: A 40-year review of the infrared imaging system modeling activities at the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) is provided in this article.
Abstract: This paper provides a 40-year review of the infrared imaging system modeling activities at the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD). The result of these modeling activities is a system model that describes the target ac- quisition performance of a human observer and an infrared im- ager. The model has been adopted by the military infrared imaging community as an assessment of how well an ensemble of observers perform the tasks of target detection, recognition, and identifica- tion. The model is used in infrared imager design and assessment, where military users understand how the metrics predicted by the model relates to system performance on the battlefield. This review begins with early work in the late 1950s and proceeds to present day modeling successes. Finally, the infrared imaging system mod- eling activities for the future are discussed. Index Terms—Infrared imaging, modeling.
92 citations
TL;DR: Computer modeling suggests that constitutive activation of transducin by the altered rhodopsin protein may be a mechanism for disease causation in this family of Irish family segregating an autosomal dominant form of CSNB.
Abstract: More than 100 mutations within the rhodopsin gene have been found to be responsible for some forms of retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive retinal degeneration characterized by night blindness and subsequent disturbance of day vision that may eventually result in total blindness. Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is an uncommon inherited retinal dysfunction in which patients complain of night vision difficulties of a nonprogressive nature only and in which generally there is no involvement of day vision. We report the results of molecular genetic analysis of an Irish family segregating an autosomal dominant form of CSNB in which a previously unreported threonine-to-isoleucine substitution at codon 94 in the rhodopsin gene was found to segregate with the disease. Computer modeling suggests that constitutive activation of transducin by the altered rhodopsin protein may be a mechanism for disease causation in this family. Only two mutations within the rhodopsin gene have been previously reported in patients with congenital stationary night blindness, constitutive activation also having been proposed as a possible disease mechanism.
91 citations
01 Nov 2019
TL;DR: The growing trend of embedding luminescent lanthanide ions into nanostructures is discussed, which not only enhances their emissive properties but also, and quite importantly, unlocks a whole (nano)world of new applications.
Abstract: Lanthanide luminescent materials have gradually become indispensable in a wealth of applications, including phosphors for lighting and displays, security inks and tags, lasers, optical fibers, night vision, photocatalysis, bioprobes, nanoscopy, and light-activated drug delivery. In this short review, we describe the basic properties of lanthanide luminescence, highlight major current applications, and discuss the growing trend of embedding luminescent lanthanide ions into nanostructures, which not only enhances their emissive properties but also, and quite importantly, unlocks a whole (nano)world of new applications.
91 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that Müller cells are wavelength-dependent wave-guides, concentrating the green-red part of the visible spectrum onto cones and allowing the blue-purple part to leak onto nearby rods.
Abstract: Vision starts with the absorption of light by the retinal photoreceptors-cones and rods. However, due to the 'inverted' structure of the retina, the incident light must propagate through reflecting and scattering cellular layers before reaching the photoreceptors. It has been recently suggested that Muller cells function as optical fibres in the retina, transferring light illuminating the retinal surface onto the cone photoreceptors. Here we show that Muller cells are wavelength-dependent wave-guides, concentrating the green-red part of the visible spectrum onto cones and allowing the blue-purple part to leak onto nearby rods. This phenomenon is observed in the isolated retina and explained by a computational model, for the guinea pig and the human parafoveal retina. Therefore, light propagation by Muller cells through the retina can be considered as an integral part of the first step in the visual process, increasing photon absorption by cones while minimally affecting rod-mediated vision.
89 citations