Topic
Night vision
About: Night vision is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6004 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67372 citations.
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29 Nov 2007
TL;DR: An overview of the historical development of uncooled infrared bolometer technology and the most important bolometer performance parameters is given in this article, followed by an analysis of the current state-of-the-art infrared technologies, the status of the infrared industry and the latest technology trends.
Abstract: Uncooled infrared bolometer arrays have become the technology of choice for low-cost infrared imaging systems used in applications such as thermography, firefighting, driver night vision, security and surveillance. Uncooled infrared bolometer arrays are reaching performance levels which previously only were possible with cooled infrared photon detectors. With a continuously increasing market volume (> 100 000 units per year to date), the cost for uncooled infrared imaging chips are decreasing accordingly. In this paper we give an overview of the historical development of uncooled infrared bolometer technology and present the most important bolometer performance parameters. The different technology concepts, bolometer design approaches and bolometer materials (including vanadium oxide, amorphous silicon, silicon diodes, silicon-germanium and metals) are discussed in detail. This is followed by an analysis of the current state-of-the-art infrared bolometer technologies, the status of the infrared industry and the latest technology trends.
337 citations
TL;DR: The wild-type mouse retina expresses the standard rod pathways known in other mammals: rod → cone (via gap junctions) to inject rod signals into the cone bipolar circuit; and (2) rod → rod bipolar → AII amacrine → cone bipolar → ganglion cell.
Abstract: Because the mouse retina has become an important model system, we have begun to identify its specific neuron types and their synaptic connections. Here, based on electron micrographs of serial sections, we report that the wild-type mouse retina expresses the standard rod pathways known in other mammals: (1) rod --> cone (via gap junctions) to inject rod signals into the cone bipolar circuit; and (2) rod --> rod bipolar --> AII amacrine --> cone bipolar --> ganglion cell. The mouse also expresses another rod circuit: a bipolar cell with cone input also receives rod input at symmetrical contacts that express ionotropic glutamate receptors (Hack et al., 1999, 2001). We show that this rod-cone bipolar cell sends an axon to the outer (OFF) strata of the inner plexiform layer to form ribbon synapses with ganglion and amacrine cells. This rod-cone bipolar cell receives direct contacts from only 20% of all rod terminals. However, we also found that rod terminals form gap junctions with each other and thus establish partial syncytia that could pool rod signals for direct chemical transmission to the OFF bipolar cell. This third rod pathway probably explains the rod responses that persist in OFF ganglion cells after the well known rod pathways are blocked (Soucy et al., 1998).
323 citations
Patent•
11 Jun 1985TL;DR: In this paper, an infrared imager and a color TV camera view the same scene and the output signals are mixed and fed to a color television monitor so that the scene at night is visible in a black and white format with warm objects appearing dark, and bright colors such as lights appear in natural color superimposed on the image.
Abstract: An infrared imager and a color TV camera view the same scene and the output signals are mixed and fed to a color television monitor so that the scene at night is visible in a black and white format with warm objects appearing dark, and bright colors such as lights appear in natural color superimposed on the black and white image.
319 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes a perceptual quality evaluation method for image fusion which is based on human visual system (HVS) models and finds the algorithm provides better predictions, which are more closely matched to human perceptual evaluations, than the existing algorithms.
314 citations
TL;DR: Reduction in drusen burden, slowing the enlargement rate of GA lesion area, and slowing or eliminating the progression of intermediate to advanced AMD seems to be a clinically suitable primary efficacy endpoint.
302 citations