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Night vision

About: Night vision is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6004 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67372 citations.


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Patent
14 Aug 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the controller adjusts the pulse phase of the first light source to be exactly out-of-phase with that of the oncoming vehicle since the pulsed timing of the NIR light source is known upon detection of the opposing vehicle's trigger light source.
Abstract: A night vision system for a vehicle includes a pulsed light source for illuminating a region proximate the vehicle and a secondary trigger light source operating at a predetermined pulse timing and second wavelength. A light sensor detects light at the second wavelength. The trigger light pulses are used to indicate the pulse timing of each respective vehicle's primary NIR light source. Upon detecting another vehicle's trigger light source, the controller adjusts the pulse phase of the first light source to be exactly out-of-phase with that of the oncoming vehicle since the pulsed timing of the oncoming vehicle's NIR light source is known upon detection of the opposing vehicle's trigger light source. Each vehicle can then adjust its primary light source to be out-of-phase with the other vehicle and, hence, non-interfering.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basic changes in vision that occur at night for young and old visually healthy drivers, as well as those with common ocular pathology are reviewed, to improve the safety of all road users at night.
Abstract: Drivers' visual limitations are a leading contributor to night-time traffic crashes involving pedestrians. This paper reviews the basic changes in vision that occur at night for young and old visually healthy drivers, as well as those with common ocular pathology. To maximise their safety at night, pedestrians should be conspicuous. That is, beyond being simply visible (detectable as an ambiguous object), they should attract the attention of drivers and be readily perceivable as pedestrians. Research has established that the conspicuity of pedestrians can be optimised by attaching retroreflective markings to the pedestrian's extremities. Doing so highlights the pedestrian's ‘biological motion,’ which facilitates the accurate perception of a person; however, retroreflective markings on the torso (for example, vests) are less effective. Importantly, behavioural evidence indicates that most road users – drivers and pedestrians alike – are not aware of the limitations of night vision. For example, drivers typically ‘overdrive’ the useful range of their headlight beams and under-use their high beam headlight setting. Further, pedestrians overestimate their own conspicuity at night and fail to appreciate the extent to which their own conspicuity depends on their clothing. The widespread misunderstanding of the challenges associated with night driving reflects a lack of awareness of the fundamental limitations of night vision. Educational interventions are needed to ameliorate these dangerous misunderstandings and to improve the safety of all road users at night.

46 citations

Patent
21 Feb 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of detecting objects with a night vision system is described, which includes a light source and a camera, and the camera is activated as a corresponding sequence of detection windows wherein each of the windows corresponds to one of the light pulses for receiving reflected light resulting from the corresponding light pulse.
Abstract: A method of detecting objects with a night vision system is provided. The night vision system includes a light source and a camera. The method includes activating the light source as a sequence of light pulses wherein each light pulse is increasing in intensity for a predetermined number of pulses to form a pulse train. The camera is activated as a corresponding sequence of detection windows wherein each of the windows corresponds to one of the light pulses for receiving reflected light resulting from the corresponding light pulse. The light pulses and detection windows are configured such that a time delay between each corresponding light pulse and detection window is increasing throughout the pulse train. In another variation, the camera gain is increased throughout the pulse train. In yet another variation, the light pulses have constant amplitude, the camera gain is constant for all pulses, and the number of camera gain windows increases as the delay increases. In all cases, objects nearer the night vision system are imaged with lower intensity light, less camera gain, and/or fewer laser pulses than objects further away to provide a composite image in which the apparent brightness of near and far objects can be controlled.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Long-acting somatostatin analogues are currently being tested for treatment of diabetic retinopathy and are, in fact, the only therapeutic alternative for patients who fail panretinal photocoagulation, which is not without deleterious effects to patients.
Abstract: Proliferative retinopathies account for the majority of cases of vision loss throughout the world. Currently accepted therapy for retinopathy consists of retinal ablation by panretinal laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy. This technique is not without deleterious effects to patients, including diminished night vision, reduced peripheral vision and loss of precise vision, decreasing visual acuity by one to two lines in magnitude. One promising area of research into pharmacotherapeutics for retinopathies, especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy, involves the use of synthetic analogues of somatostatin. The rationale for somatostatin as a therapeutic agent for retinal neovascularization is discussed. Somatostatin analogues such as octreotide have shown promise as a safe and effective treatment for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy by blocking the local and systemic production of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor type 1 associated with angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation. There are also observations suggesting an autocrine and paracrine effect of somatostatin, perhaps directly on retinal cells, which are known to express somatostatin receptors (SSTR). SSTR2 and SSTR3 are the most important receptor subtypes mediating growth hormone secretion and endothelial cell cycle arrest, retinal endothelial cell apoptosis and release of insulin. Thus, analogues that target these receptor subtypes may prove more useful. Long-acting somatostatin analogues are currently being tested for treatment of diabetic retinopathy and are, in fact, the only therapeutic alternative for patients who fail panretinal photocoagulation. Whether such a therapy may also prove effective for other retinal vascular proliferative diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity and age-related macular degeneration remains an open question that deserves attention, given our new understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which somatostatin may exert its antiangiogenic effects.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Night vision was tested electroretinographically and psychophysically in a vitamin A deficient patient before and after therapy and only after 7 months did night vision reach the normal level with regard to the time course of rod adaptation, rod sensitivity, and ERG responses.
Abstract: Night vision was tested electroretinographically and psychophysically in a vitamin A deficient patient before and after therapy. Vitamin A deficiency resulted from malabsorption due to a jeujunoileal bypass operation. Before therapy the patient had severely reduced cone and rod function. After the reversal operation, accompanied by 5 injections of a total of 500,000 units of vitamin A, complete recovery of cone and rod functions was observed within 7 months. Shortly after therapy rod sensitivity reached the normal level, while the time course of rod adaptation remained slower than normal and the dark-adapted electroretinographic (ERG) responses were subnormal. At later stages the ERG responses reached normal amplitudes but rod adaptation stayed slow. Only after 7 months did night vision reach the normal level with regard to the time course of rod adaptation, rod sensitivity, and ERG responses.

45 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202311
202244
2021132
2020170
2019256
2018272