Ninth

About: Ninth is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1386 publications have been published within this topic receiving 9781 citations.

Webster's ninth new collegiate dictionary

Abstract: A hot melt composition for forming flowed-in closure liners or gaskets having a viscosity and resulting flow properties suitable for use in high speed, liner forming operations. The composition comprises between 20 and 55 percent of a thermoplastic elastomer chosen from the group consisting of block copolymers of the type having the general formula A-B-A or of the type having a plurality of chains of the general formula B-A radiating from a central hub. A is a thermoplastic segment, preferably polystyrene, and B is an elastomeric segment, preferably polybutadiene, polyisoprene, or polyethylene-butylene. The other ingredients in the composition may be extenders, antioxidants, fillers, pigments, lubricants, etc. as desired.

Falling Off Track during the Transition to High School: What We Know and What Can Be Done

Abstract: Ninth grade, observes Ruth Curran Neild, marks a critical juncture in American schooling. Students who manage the academic demands of the transition to high school have a high probability of graduating four years later. But those who do not-who fail to earn as many credits as they should during ninth grade-face a substantially elevated risk of dropping out of high school. Neild examines four theories about why ninth grade poses difficulties for some students. The first is that ninth grade coincides with life-course changes, such as reduced parental supervision and increased peer influence. The second is that in moving to a new school, students must break the bonds they have formed with their middle-school teachers and peers. The third is that some students are inadequately prepared for high school. The final theory is that the organization of some high schools is itself a major source of students' difficulty. Each theory, says Neild, suggests a particular type of policy response. The strongest evidence, observes Neild, points to inadequate preparation for high school and the organization of high schools. Reform efforts thus far have tended to address high school organization, with or without a focus on instructional quality or helping students to catch up on academic skills. Evaluations of these reforms, says Neild, suggest that both school organization and instructional improvement are necessary to keep ninth graders on track to graduation. Neild notes that school districts and state departments of education also are addressing the problem. In addition to supporting comprehensive school reform with a focus on ninth graders, districts have created accountability indicators of how well high schools are keeping ninth graders on track. States are helping districts to develop their capacity to maintain and analyze data on ninth-grade progress, including "early warning indicator systems" that identify students who are falling off track to graduation.

Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century

Abstract: To understand Russian history without understanding serfdom--the peasant-lord relationship that shaped Russia for centuries--is impossible. Still, before Jerome Blum, no scholar had tackled the subject in depth. Monumental in scope and pathbreaking in its analysis, Lord and Peasant in Russia garnered immediate attention upon its publication in 1961, a year that also marked the one hundredth anniversary of the emancipation of the Russian serfs. As one reviewer remarked, \"No better book on the subject exists; it is indispensable to the serious student of Russia.\" On a scale befitting Russia--a sixth of the earth's land mass--Blum's book explored in almost seven hundred pages the legal and social evolution of its predominantly agricultural population, the types of peasant status, and the multifaceted nature of the master-peasant relationship. More important, Blum was the first to articulate the necessity of placing serfs front and center in the study of Russian history. As a reviewer for the Economist wrote, \"Mr. Blum has written not just a monograph on landlords and peasants in Russia but a history of Russia from a particular point of view. There is no denying that the history of a country where ...a bare 13 percent of the population was urban can with impunity be written in terms of landlords and peasants.\" In 1962, it was awarded the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize of the American Historical Association; it remains a cornerstone of Russian historiography.