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Nitrite
About: Nitrite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15425 publications have been published within this topic receiving 484581 citations.
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TL;DR: A hypothesis for nitrate and nitrite transport is proposed based on the finding that there are two distinct types of NarK, a branch of the Major Facilitator Superfamily.
Abstract: The topological arrangements of nitrate and nitrite reductases in bacteria necessitate the synthesis of transporter proteins that carry the nitrogen oxyanions across the cytoplasmic membrane. For assimilation of nitrate (and nitrite) there are two types of uptake system known: ABC transporters that are driven by ATP hydrolysis, and secondary transporters reliant on a proton motive force. Proteins homologous to the latter type of transporter are also involved in nitrate and nitrite transport in dissimilatory processes such as denitrification. These proteins belong to the NarK family, which is a branch of the Major Facilitator Superfamily. The mechanism and substrate specificity of transport via these proteins is unknown, but is discussed in the light of sequence analysis of members of the NarK family. A hypothesis for nitrate and nitrite transport is proposed based on the finding that there are two distinct types of NarK.
162 citations
TL;DR: Inhibition of nitric oxide production is detrimental in this murine model of endotoxemia and the rate of survival was significantly decreased to 0% in the group receiving N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester after septic challenge.
Abstract: Background: Increased production of nitric oxide has been implicated as a mediator during septic shock and sepsis syndrome. Inhibition of nitric oxide production could be beneficial during endotoxemia to improve the individual's hemodynamic status and possibly outcome. Objective: To evaluate the effects of nitric oxide inhibition on macrophage function and survival in a murine sepsis model. Design: Sixty-eight female Swiss-Webster (ND4) mice were injected with a sublethal dose of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (25 mg/kg). Intervention: The treated group (n=34) received 10 mg/kg of N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester at the time of lipopolysaccharide injection. Main Outcome Measures: Blood samples and peritoneal macrophages were obtained at baseline and at 2, 4, and 8 hours after injection. Nitrite levels were measured in 36 mice from plasma and supernatant samples of cultured peritoneal macrophages stimulated with interferon gamma (100 μg/mL) for 48 hours. Thirty-two animals were observed for survival. Results: Administration of N -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester after lipopolysaccharide injection caused significant reductions in macrophage mean nitrite production from 13 and 15 μmol/L to 7 and 11 μmol/L ( P P N -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester after septic challenge compared with 87.5% in controls ( P Conclusion: Inhibition of nitric oxide production is detrimental in this murine model of endotoxemia. (Arch Surg. 1994;129:142-148)
162 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three couples of reversible redox waves of the SiW12O404- anion which are composed of two oneelectron and one two-electron processes occur in the potential range +0.1 to -0.7 V in aqueous solutions.
162 citations
TL;DR: Volatile compounds arising from amino acid degradation and carbohydrate fermentation were generated at higher levels in the samples with added nitrate, probably due to the higher population of microorganisms in these samples and the effect of nitrate on their metabolism.
161 citations
TL;DR: This study reveals the wide range of nitrogen isotope effects of anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) and indicates that anammox may be responsible for the unresolved large N isotope offsets between nitrate and nitrite in oceanic oxygen minimum zones.
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) isotope ratios (15N/14N) provide integrative constraints on the N inventory of the modern ocean Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), which converts ammonium and nitrite to dinitrogen gas (N2) and nitrate, is an important fixed N sink in marine ecosystems We studied the so far unknown N isotope effects of anammox in batch culture experiments Anammox preferentially removes 14N from the ammonium pool with an isotope effect of +235‰ to +291‰, depending on factors controlling reversibility The N isotope effects during the conversion of nitrite to N2 and nitrate are (i) inverse kinetic N isotope fractionation associated with the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate (−311 ± 39‰), (ii) normal kinetic N isotope fractionation during the reduction of nitrite to N2 (+160 ± 45‰), and (iii) an equilibrium N isotope effect between nitrate and nitrite (−605 ± 10‰), induced when anammox is exposed to environmental stress, leading to the superposition of N isotope exchange effects upon kinetic N isotope fractionation Our findings indicate that anammox may be responsible for the unresolved large N isotope offsets between nitrate and nitrite in oceanic oxygen minimum zones Irrespective of the extent of N isotope exchange between nitrate and nitrite, N removed from the combined nitrite and nitrate (NOx) pool is depleted in 15N relative to NOx This net N isotope effect by anammox is superimposed on the N isotope fractionation by the co-occurring reduction of nitrate to nitrite in suboxic waters, possibly enhancing the overall N isotope effect for N loss from oxygen minimum zones
160 citations