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Nitrite
About: Nitrite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15425 publications have been published within this topic receiving 484581 citations.
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TL;DR: The data presented in this report strongly support the hypothesis that plant tissues also synthesize NO via the nonenzymatic reduction of apoplastic nitrite and may have possible significance for germinating grain and for plant roots.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in animals and plants. In mammals, NO is produced from Arg by the enzyme NO synthase. In plants, NO synthesis from Arg using an NO synthase-type enzyme and from nitrite using nitrate reductase has been demonstrated previously. The data presented in this report strongly support the hypothesis that plant tissues also synthesize NO via the nonenzymatic reduction of apoplastic nitrite. As measured by mass spectrometry or an NO-reactive fluorescent probe, Hordeum vulgare (barley) aleurone layers produce NO rapidly when nitrite is added to the medium in which they are incubated. NO production requires an acid apoplast and is accompanied by a loss of nitrite from the medium. Phenolic compounds in the medium can increase the rate of NO production. The possible significance of apoplastic NO production for germinating grain and for plant roots is discussed.
535 citations
TL;DR: A review of using Griess Reaction method to determine nitric oxide production in biological systems finds it to be a waste of time and money to use this method.
Abstract: A review of using Griess Reaction method to determine nitric oxide production in biological systems.
529 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium occurs in Benguela upwelling system at the same site where anammox bacteria were previously detected, indicating that anamm Oxidizing bacteria could be mediating Dissimilatory Nitrate reductionto ammonium in natural ecosystems.
Abstract: Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria oxidize ammonium with nitrite and produce N(2). They reside in many natural ecosystems and contribute significantly to the cycling of marine nitrogen. Anammox bacteria generally live under ammonium limitation, and it was assumed that in nature anammox bacteria depend on other biochemical processes for ammonium. In this study we investigated the possibility of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium by anammox bacteria. Physically purified Kuenenia stuttgartiensis cells reduced (15)NO(3) (-) to (15)NH(4) (+) via (15)NO(2) (-) as the intermediate. This was followed by the anaerobic oxidation of the produced ammonium and nitrite. The overall end-product of this metabolism of anammox bacteria was (15)N(15)N dinitrogen gas. The nitrate reduction to nitrite proceeds at a rate of 0.3 +/- 0.02 fmol cell(-1) day(-1) (10% of the 'normal' anammox rate). A calcium-dependent cytochrome c protein with a high (305 mumol min(-1) mg protein(-1)) rate of nitrite reduction to ammonium was partially purified. We present evidence that dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium occurs in Benguela upwelling system at the same site where anammox bacteria were previously detected. This indicates that anammox bacteria could be mediating dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in natural ecosystems.
515 citations
TL;DR: The acute increase in plasma nitrite seen after a nitrate load is critically dependent on nitrate reduction in the oral cavity by commensal bacteria, and the removal of these bacteria with an antibacterial mouthwash will very likely attenuate the NO-dependent biological effects of dietary nitrate.
514 citations
TL;DR: The present method provides a simple, cost-effective assay for the estimation of stable oxidation products of nitric oxide in biological samples.
514 citations