Topic
Nitrite
About: Nitrite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15425 publications have been published within this topic receiving 484581 citations.
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TL;DR: The combination of maize cobs and woodchips is recommended to enhance NO(3)(-)-N removal while minimizing adverse effects in denitrification beds, but adverse effects include TOC release, dissolved N(2)O release and substantial carbon consumption by non-denitrifiers.
277 citations
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TL;DR: The economics of most modern aquaculture operations require that animals be cultured at high densities, and elevated concentrations of ammonia and nitrite act as stressors in that they stimulate the release of corticosteroid hormones into circulation.
Abstract: The economics of most modern aquaculture operations require that animals be cultured at high densities. A consequence of high‐density aquaculture is the increased probability that the animals will be exposed to elevated concentrations of nitrogenous wastes, particularly ammonia and nitrite. Ammonia toxicity is dependent primarily on the concentration of ammonia and the pH of the environment High concentrations of ammonia will decrease survival, inhibit growth, and cause a variety of physiological dysfunctions. Nitrite toxicity is dependent on the concentration of nitrite and, in many species, the concentration of chloride in the water. Nitrite toxicosis is characterized by reduced survival and growth, methemoglobinemia, and other physiological dysfunctions. Both ammonia and nitrite act as stressors in that they stimulate the release of corticosteroid hormones into circulation. Elevated concentrations of circulating corticosteroids have been linked to impaired immune function and, consequently, de...
276 citations
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TL;DR: Sulfamic acid addition is applied to analyses of the coupled N and O isotopes of nitrate and nitrite in waters of the Mexican Margin, to illustrate its efficacy and utility when employed either in the field upon sample collection or in the lab after months of frozen sample storage.
Abstract: In environmental water samples that contain both nitrate (NO) and nitrite (NO), isotopic analysis of nitrate alone by all currently available methods requires pretreatment to remove nitrite. Sulfamic acid addition, used previously for this purpose (Wu JP, Calvert SE, Wong CS. Deep-SeaResearchPartI–OceanographicResearchPapers 1997; 44: 287), is shown here to be compatible with the denitrifier method for both N and O isotope analysis of nitrate. Sulfamic acid at a pH of ∼1.7 reduces nitrite to N2. Samples are then neutralized with base prior to isotope analysis, to alleviate the buffering demands of the bacterial media and as a precaution to prevent modification of nitrate during storage with the residual sulfamic acid at low pH. Under appropriate reaction conditions, nitrite is completely removed within minutes. Sulfamic acid treatment does not compromise the completeness of the conversion of nitrate into N2O or the precision and accuracy of N and O isotope measurements by the denitrifier method. Nitrite concentrations upwards of 7 times the ambient nitrate can be removed without affecting the isotope composition of nitrate. The method is applied to analyses of the coupled N and O isotopes of nitrate and nitrite in waters of the Mexican Margin, to illustrate its efficacy and utility when employed either in the field upon sample collection or in the lab after months of frozen sample storage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
275 citations
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TL;DR: How NR may play a central role in plant biology by controlling the amounts of NO, a key signaling molecule in plant cells, is reviewed.
274 citations
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TL;DR: The modified biosensor was applied to the determination of AA, DA, UA and NO2(-) in urine samples by using standard adding method with satisfactory results.
274 citations