Topic
Nitrite
About: Nitrite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15425 publications have been published within this topic receiving 484581 citations.
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TL;DR: Of a range of nitrosyl compounds tested, the anion of Roussin's black salt [Fe4S3(NO)7]- was the most inhibitory to C. sporogenes, indicating multiple sites of action.
265 citations
TL;DR: Competition for H2 with denitrifying bacteria, iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria seemed to be one important factor for the inhibition of methanogenesis.
265 citations
TL;DR: A critical review of the animal toxicology literature of nitrite indicates that in the absence of co-administration of a carcinogenic nitrosamine precursor, there is no evidence for carcinogenesis and this new and growing body of evidence calls for a reconsideration of nitrites and nitrate safety.
264 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that archaea may contribute to N2O production in terrestrial ecosystems, however, they are not capable of nitrifier-denitrification and thus do not produce increasing amounts of the greenhouse gas when oxygen becomes limiting.
Abstract: Soil emissions are largely responsible for the increase of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere and are generally attributed to the activity of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. However, the contribution of the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) to N2O production from soil is unclear as is the mechanism by which they produce it. Here we investigate the potential of Nitrososphaera viennensis, the first pure culture of AOA from soil, to produce N2O and compare its activity with that of a marine AOA and an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) from soil. N. viennensis produced N2O at a maximum yield of 0.09% N2O per molecule of nitrite under oxic growth conditions. N2O production rates of 4.6±0.6 amol N2O cell−1 h−1 and nitrification rates of 2.6±0.5 fmol NO2− cell−1 h−1 were in the same range as those of the AOB Nitrosospira multiformis and the marine AOA Nitrosopumilus maritimus grown under comparable conditions. In contrast to AOB, however, N2O production of the two archaeal strains did not increase when the oxygen concentration was reduced, suggesting that they are not capable of denitrification. In 15N-labeling experiments we provide evidence that both ammonium and nitrite contribute equally via hybrid N2O formation to the N2O produced by N. viennensis under all conditions tested. Our results suggest that archaea may contribute to N2O production in terrestrial ecosystems, however, they are not capable of nitrifier-denitrification and thus do not produce increasing amounts of the greenhouse gas when oxygen becomes limiting.
263 citations
TL;DR: Subacute sodium nitrite infusions prevented delayed cerebral vasospasm in a primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage and Pharmacological effects of nitrite infusion were also associated with the formation of S-nitrosothiol in cerebrospinal fluid.
Abstract: ContextDelayed cerebral vasospasm causes permanent neurological deficits or
death in at least 15% of patients following otherwise successful treatment
for ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide
has been associated with the development of cerebral vasospasm.ObjectiveTo determine whether infusions of nitrite will prevent delayed cerebral
vasospasm.Design, Setting, and SubjectsA total of 14 anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys had an autologous blood
clot placed around the right middle cerebral artery. Cerebral arteriography
was performed before clot placement and on days 7 and 14 to assess vasospasm.
The study was conducted from August 2003 to February 2004.InterventionsA 90-mg sodium nitrite intravenous solution infused over 24 hours plus
a 45-mg sodium nitrite bolus daily (n = 3); a 180-mg sodium nitrite
intravenous solution infused over 24 hours (n = 3); or a control
saline solution infusion (n = 8). Each was infused continuously
for 14 days.Main Outcome MeasuresNitrite, S-nitrosothiol, and methemoglobin
levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid and degree of arteriographic vasospasm.ResultsIn control monkeys, mean (SD) cerebrospinal fluid nitrite levels decreased
from 3.1 (1.5) μmol/L to 0.4 (0.1) μmol/L at day 7 and to 0.4 (0.4) μmol/L
at day 14 (P = .03). All 8 control monkeys
developed significant vasospasm of the right middle cerebral artery, which
was complicated by stroke and death in 1 animal. Sodium nitrite infusions
increased the nitrite and methemoglobin levels (<2.1% of total hemoglobin)
in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid without evoking systemic hypotension.
Nitrite infusion prevented development of vasospasm (no animals developed
significant vasospasm; mean [SD] reduction in right middle cerebral artery
area on day 7 after subarachnoid hemorrhage of 8% [9%] in nitrite-treated
monkeys vs 47% [5%] in saline-treated controls; P<.001).
There was a negative correlation between the concentration of nitrite in cerebrospinal
fluid and the degree of cerebral vasospasm (P<.001).
Pharmacological effects of nitrite infusion were also associated with the
formation of S-nitrosothiol in cerebrospinal fluid.
There was no clinical or pathological evidence of nitrite toxicity.ConclusionSubacute sodium nitrite infusions prevented delayed cerebral vasospasm
in a primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
262 citations