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Nitrite
About: Nitrite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15425 publications have been published within this topic receiving 484581 citations.
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TL;DR: These studies validate a rodent model of metabolic syndrome and PH-HFpEF, suggesting a potential role of nitrite and metformin as a preventative treatment for this disease.
Abstract: Background —Pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is an increasingly recognized clinical complication of metabolic syndrome. No adequate animal model of PH-HFpEF is available and no effective therapies have been identified to date. A recent study suggested that dietary nitrate improves insulin resistance in eNOS null mice, and multiple studies have reported that both nitrate and its active metabolite, nitrite, have therapeutic activity in pre-clinical models of PH. Methods and Results —In order to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of nitrite in metabolic syndrome associated with PH-HFpEF, we developed a "two-hit" PH-HFpEF model in rats with multiple features of metabolic syndrome due to double leptin receptor defect (obese ZSF1) with the combined treatment of VEGF receptor blocker SU5416. Chronic oral nitrite treatment improved hyperglycemia in obese ZSF1 rats by a process that requires skeletal muscle SIRT3-AMPK-GLUT4 signaling. The glucose lowering effect of nitrite was abolished in SIRT3 deficient human skeletal muscle cells, as well as in SIRT3 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet. Skeletal muscle biopsies from humans with metabolic syndrome after 12 weeks of oral sodium nitrite and nitrate treatment (IND#115926) displayed increased activation of SIRT3 and AMPK. Finally, early treatments with nitrite and metformin at the time of SU5416 injection reduced pulmonary pressures and vascular remodeling in the PH-HFpEF model with robust activation of skeletal muscle SIRT3 and AMPK.
Conclusions —These studies validate a rodent model of metabolic syndrome and PH-HFpEF, suggesting a potential role of nitrite and metformin as a preventative treatment for this disease.
184 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the abilities of zero-valent iron powder and hydrogen with a palladium catalyst (H2/Pd-alumina) to hydrodehalogenate 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) to propane under water treatment conditions (ambient temperature and circumneutral pH) were compared.
183 citations
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TL;DR: Luminal generation of nitric oxide from dietary nitrate via salivary nitrite is maximal at the gastroesophageal junction and cardia, and may contribute to the high incidence of mutagenesis and neoplasia at this site.
183 citations
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TL;DR: A potent effect of inhaled nitrite that limits pathological pulmonary arterial hypertrophy and cellular proliferation in the setting of experimental pulmonary arterials hypertension is revealed.
Abstract: Background— Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive proliferative vasculopathy of the small pulmonary arteries that is characterized by a primary failure of the endothelial nitric oxide and prostacyclin vasodilator pathways, coupled with dysregulated cellular proliferation. We have recently discovered that the endogenous anion salt nitrite is converted to nitric oxide in the setting of physiological and pathological hypoxia. Considering the fact that nitric oxide exhibits vasoprotective properties, we examined the effects of nitrite on experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methods and Results— We exposed mice and rats with hypoxia or monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension to low doses of nebulized nitrite (1.5 mg/min) 1 or 3 times a week. This dose minimally increased plasma and lung nitrite levels yet completely prevented or reversed pulmonary arterial hypertension and pathological right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that nitrit...
183 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the potential alternatives to replace nitrite salts that are used completely or partially in the manufacturing of meat products are reviewed, and a comparison of the potential solutions is presented.
Abstract: Nitrite has been used in different meat products mainly to maintain their microbial quality, flavor, and color and to prevent lipid oxidation. Since consumer demand for organic or natural meat products has increased due to the concerns of health risk of synthetic additives, the meat industry is currently focusing on the development of nitrite alternatives. This paper reviews the potential alternatives to replace nitrite salts that are used completely or partially in the manufacturing of meat products.
183 citations