Showing papers on "Nitrobenzene published in 1970"
91 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of acetic, n-propionic and n-butyric acids between various organic solvents and 0·10 M (Na, H)ClO 4 solution has been studied at 25°C.
54 citations
TL;DR: A simplified gas-liquid chromatographic technique for the separation and quantification of the major aromatic aldehydes and acids produced by the alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation of lignin has been described in this article.
30 citations
TL;DR: Using the previously described (py)3RhCl3-NaBH4 catalyst in dimethylformamide with hydrogen, azobenzene is reduced to hydrazobenzenes and slowly to aniline; benzalaniline gives benzylaniline, and nitrobenzene and pyridine and quinoline are hydrogenated to give piperidine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline respectively.
Abstract: Using the previously described (py)3RhCl3–NaBH4 catalyst in dimethylformamide with hydrogen, azobenzene is reduced to hydrazobenzene and slowly to aniline, benzalaniline gives benzylaniline, and nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline; pyridine and quinoline are hydrogenated to give piperidine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline respectively.
23 citations
TL;DR: The liquid-liquid distribution of mercury(II) has been determined when the organic phase was benzene, hexane containing tributylphosphate (TBP), methylisobutylketone (MIBK), or nitrobenzene, and when the aqueous phase was 0.5M sodium per chlorate containing chloride, bromide, iodide, or thiocyanate ions.
Abstract: The liquid-liquid distribution of mercury(II) has been determined when the organic phase was benzene, hexane containing tributylphosphate(TBP), methylisobutylketone(MIBK), or nitrobenzene, and when the aqueous phase was 0.5M sodium per chlorate containing chloride, bromide, iodide, or thiocyanate ions. The stability constants for the mercury(II) complexes in the aqueous phase and the distribution constants for the extractable complexes were determined by a graphic analysis of the distribution data, which were measured as a function of the ligand concentration. It was concluded that the stability constants determined from the present results agree almost entirely with the previous values and that the only extracted species into benzene and hexane containing TBP is the non-charged complex (HgX2, where X− is the ligand) in all cases, whereas those extracted into MIBK or nitrobenzene include not only the non-charged but also the charged species (HgX3− and sometimes HgX42−) except in the case of the chloride s...
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that excited singlet and triplet states appear both to function as starting levels for the animation of nitrobenzene and chloronitrobenzenes.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, plant lignins and soil humic colloids were isolated using H2SO4, NaOH and 1,4-dioxane and their elemental composition, methoxyl contents and cation exchange capacities were determined.
Abstract: Plant lignins and soil humic colloids were isolated using H2SO4, NaOH and 1,4-dioxane and their elemental composition, methoxyl contents and cation exchange capacities were determined. The isolated lignin and humic colloid samples were oxidized by the alkaline nitrobenzene technique and the degradation products characterized by the types and amounts of phenolic aldehydes produced.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, NMR evidence was presented for complex formation between nitromethane and sulfur trioxide in thrichlorofluoromethane as solvent according to.
Abstract: NMR evidence is presented for complex formation between nitromethane and sulfur trioxide in thrichlorofluoromethane as solvent according to . In addition, kinetic evidence for complex formation between nitrobenzene and sulfur trioxide in trichlorofluoromethane was obtained from sulfonation studies of that system.
12 citations
Patent•
29 Dec 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a process for the recovery of PAMINOPHENOL PREPARED by CATALYTIC REDUCTION of NITROBENZENE in ACID MEDIUM where by ANILINE and 4,4''-DIAMINODIPHENYL ETHER are PRESENT as IMPURITIES.
Abstract: 1. A PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY IN PURIFIED FORM OF PAMINOPHENOL PREPARED BY CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITROBENZENE IN ACID MEDIUM WHEREBY ANILINE AND 4,4''-DIAMINODIPHENYL ETHER ARE PRESENT AS IMPURITIES, WHICH PROCESS COMPRISES CONTACTING A SOLUTION OF P-AMINOPHENOL AND SAID IMPURITIES IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM HAVING A PH OF 5.0 TO 5.5-JUST SHORT OF THAT AT WHICH PRECIPITATION OF P-AMINOPHENOL OCCURS AND AT WHICH ANILINE AND 4,4''-DIAMINODIPHENYL ETHER ARE IN THE FORM OF FREE BASES WITH AN EXYRACTION MEDIUM CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A NON-OXYGENATED SOLVENT IMMISCIBLE WITH WATER WHICH SELECTIVELY DISSOLVES THE IMPURITIES, SEPARATING THE RESULTING PHASES WITH SAID P-AMINOPHENOL IN SOLUTION IN THE AQUEOUS PHASE AND RECOVERING P-AMINOPHENOL OF IMPROVED PURITY FROM THE AQUEOUS PHASE.
11 citations
11 citations
Patent•
01 May 1970TL;DR: The preparation of 1-BENZYLIDENE, 3-INDENYL ALIPHATIC ACID and 3-indenyl aliphenyl alphabetic acid is described in this paper.
Abstract: PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 1-BENZYLIDENE-3-INDENYL ALIPHATIC ACID COMPOUNDS COMPRISING REDUCING A NITROBENZENE TO FORM AN ANILINE WHICH IS DIAZOTIZED AND THEN UNDER GOES A MEERWEIN REACTION AND SUBSEQUENT HYDROGENOLYSIS TO YIELD A B-ARYL PROPIONIC ACID WHICH IS CYCLIZED, CONDENSED AND SUBSTITUTED IN THE 1-POSITION.
TL;DR: Perfluorobenzoyl peroxide decomposes in benzene and in nitrobenzene at 80° to give mainly pentafluorobiaryls and pentaf fluorobenzoic acid.
Abstract: Perfluorobenzoyl peroxide decomposes in benzene and in nitrobenzene at 80° to give mainly pentafluorobiaryls and pentafluorobenzoic acid In hexafluorobenzene the main product is a high-boiling residue, and in chloro- and bromo-benzene pentafluorobenzoic acid and phenyl pentafluorobenzoate are formed The latter product must arise by benzoyloxylation of the halogenobenzenes at the 1-position The results are discussed
TL;DR: In this paper, the dipole-dipole interaction between the nuclear spins is not averaged out and the NMR spectrum is modified by the application of an external electric field to a polar liquid.
Patent•
13 May 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a rhodium catalyst to hydrogenate nitrobenzene to cyclohexylamine using a secondary or tertiary alcohol solvent.
Abstract: Hydrogenating nitrobenzene to cyclohexylamine using a rhodium catalyst and minimizing the formation of dicyclohexylamine by effecting said hydrogenation in a secondary or tertiary alcohol solvent.
Patent•
28 May 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for the preparation of p-amino phenol and derivatives thereof, which process comprises reducing nitrobenzene electrolytically at a particulate electrode maintained at a cathode potential less negative than -0.40 volts with respect to a saturated calomel electrode, in an acidic medium at a temperature in the range of from 60 DEG to 150 DEG C.
Abstract: A process for the preparation of p-amino phenol and derivatives thereof, which process comprises reducing nitrobenzene electrolytically at a particulate electrode maintained at a cathode potential less negative than -0.40 volts with respect to a saturated calomel electrode, in an acidic medium at a temperature in the range of from 60 DEG to 150 DEG C. Preferably the cathode potential is in the range of from -0.25 to -0.35 volts with respect to a saturated calomel electrode.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the hydroformylation of butenes in nitrobenzene or nitroethane with tetrarhodium dodecarbonyl, but in only a poor yield in the presence of dicobalt octacarbaronyl.
Abstract: The hydroformylation of butenes in nitrobenzene or nitroethane gives C5-aldehydes in an excellent yield in the presence of tetrarhodium dodecarbonyl, but in only a poor yield in the presence of dicobalt octacarbonyl. Under hydroformylation conditions, nitrobenzene is hydrogenated to aniline above 150°C with rhodium carbonyl and at 125°C with cobalt carbonyl. The hydroformylation of nitroalkenes with rhodium carbonyl is described. 4-Nitrostyrene gives isomeric (4-nitrophenyl)-propionaldehydes in a 96% yield. 3-Nitropropene-1 gives C4-nitroaldehydes, mostly 2-methyl-3-nitropropionaldehyde, in a 96% yield. However, no reaction of nitroethylene occurred below 140°C.
TL;DR: In this article, the solvent extraction of ion pairs of tris(1, 10-phenanthroline)iron(II) chelate cations with halide, thiocyanate and perchlorate anions from wate...
Abstract: Heats of solution were studied in connection with the solvent extraction of ion pairs of tris(1, 10-phenanthroline)iron(II) chelate cations with halide, thiocyanate and perchlorate anions from wate...
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: These facts show that nitrobenzene acts directly on and transforms the hemoglobin causing the heme iron to be changed to the ferric state.
Abstract: A small amount of methemoglobin was formed in vitro by incubating human or rabbit hemoglobin with nitrobenzene, a substance which has not been considered to form methemoglobin. After incubation with nitrobenzene, the oxidase activity of hemoglobin increased, and the alkali resistance of hemoglobin decreased. However, neither hemichromogen nor choleglobin was detected in the hemolysate after incubation. These facts show that nitrobenzene acts directly on and transforms the hemoglobin causing the heme iron to be changed to the ferric state. The molecular structure of methemoglobin was also discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a linear relationship is observed between the hydration constant and the dimerization constant of the carboxylic acid, which is related to the solubility parameter of the organic solvent.
TL;DR: Alkanes are photo-oxidized by nitrobenzene in good yields to alcohols and carbonyl compounds; the reaction characteristics indicate that the mechanism of the oxidation involves initial hydrogen atom abstraction from the alkane and subsequent reactions of the alkyl radical as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Alkanes are photo-oxidized by nitrobenzene in good yields to alcohols and carbonyl compounds; the reaction characteristics indicate that the mechanism of the oxidation involves initial hydrogen atom abstraction from the alkane and subsequent reactions of the alkyl radical.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactions between benzyl bromide and various bases as well as p-nitrobenzylbromide (p-NB) and various base bases have been studied in nitro-benzene-ethanol mixtures (80:20 v/v).
Abstract: The reactions between benzyl bromide and various bases as well as p-nitrobenzyl bromide and various bases have been studied in nitrobenzene-ethanol mixtures (80:20 v/v) The reaction is total second order as stated earlier Comparison is made with the previous work on the same reaction with benzyl chloride and p-nitrobenzyl chloride
TL;DR: In this paper, a new synthesis of N-(2-pyridylmethylene) aniline (I) was described, which consists of heating a mixture of 2-Pyridinemethanol, anilines, and nitrobenzene in the presence of potassium hydroxide.
Abstract: A new synthesis of N-(2-pyridylmethylene) aniline (I) is described. The method consists of heating a mixture of 2-pyridinemethanol, aniline, and nitrobenzene in the presence of potassium hydroxide. Extension of the reaction to some related compounds was made. By-products accompanied with ortho-substituted derivatives of I were characterized as pyridylmethylene-bis-amines.
TL;DR: The conductance of pyridinium benzoate has been measured in various solvents such as nitrobenzene, benzonitrile, o-dichlorobenzene, monochlorobensene, and toluene as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The conductance of pyridinium benzoate has been measured in various solvents such as nitrobenzene, benzonitrile, o-dichlorobenzene, monochlorobenzene, and toluene, and its dissociation constant, K,...
TL;DR: Magnetic susceptibilities of nine typical liquid mixtures were determined as a function of concentration in this paper, and deviations from an additive law were observed for these mixtures of chloroform with triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, α-picoline, 2,4-lutidine, diphenyl ether, toluene, nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene.
Abstract: Magnetic susceptibilities of nine typical liquid mixtures were determined as a function of concentration. Deviations from an additive law were observed for these mixtures of chloroform with triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, α-picoline, 2,4-lutidine, diphenyl ether, toluene, nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene. The observed deviations are explained on the basis of hydrogen bond formation.
TL;DR: In this article, the lifetimes of orthopositronium in solutions of α-α∗-diphenyl-β-pcryl-hydrozyl (DPPH-zyl) and DPPH-zine in methanol and of nitrobenzene and nitromethane in benzene have been measured.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the thermal activation energy in nitrobenzene with brass and stainless-steel electrodes and found that the cathode is the most likely source of electrons and conduction occurs as a result of the hopping process.
Abstract: Natural conduction in nitrobenzene has been measured in electric fields of 50-50 000 V$cm^{-1}$, over a temperature range of 0-200 degree C using brass and stainless-steel electrodes. The electrode materials, dissolved air and degree of purification are observed to have a pronounced influence on the conductivity. The cathode appears to be the most likely source of electrons and conduction occurs as a result of the hopping process. The thermal activation energy in nitrobenzene is found to be 0.53+/-0.05 ev.