Showing papers on "Nitrobenzene published in 1982"

An electrochemical technique for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds

Abstract: A preparative technique for the electroreduction of aromatic nitro compounds using a copper cathode, a lead anode and a porous pot diaphragm with 30–40% H2SO4 as the anolyte and 30–40% H2SO4 containing 2–3% Ti(SO4)2 as the catholyte is reported. Nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzenes, nitrotoluenes, phenols, phenetoles and nitrochlorobenzenes have been reduced by this method. Slightly modified techniques were employed for some compounds such as 2-nitro-m-xylene. The results of some pilot plant studies are also reported. The studies indicate that on smaller scales this technique may be competitive with metal/acid systems with the additional advantage of less pollution problems.

Polymerization of t-Butylacetylene by Group 6 Transition Metal Catalysts: Geometric Structure Control by Reaction Conditions

Abstract: The geometric structure of poly(t-butylacetylene) could be controlled by the choice of suitable polymerization conditions (solvents and catalysts): t-Butylacetylene was polymerized in high yield by MoCl5 and WCl6 in oxygen- or nitrogen-containing solvents (e.g., anisole, acetophenone, benzonitrile and nitrobenzene). The molecular weights of the polymers formed were as high as 5×104—2×105. According to 13C NMR, polymers prepared in nonpolar solvents like toluene comprised comparable amounts of cis and trans structures. On the other hand, polymers obtained with MoCl5 in oxygen- or nitrogen-containing solvents possessed the cis structure exclusively. The mechanism of geometric structure control was discussed.

Electron affinities of SO2 and nitrobenzene

Abstract: Several ion–molecule reactions have been observed which indicate that the electron affinities of SO2 and nitrobenzene are far greater than the currently accepted values The reactions were studied by pulsed ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) spectrometry using a trapped ion analyzer cell to store the ions for several hundred ms Reaction pathways were confirmed by ion cyclotron double resonance and by varying the pressures of the neutral reactants The relative electron affinity of nitrobenzene and SO2 was determined by measuring the equilibrium constant for the reaction C6H5NO−2+SO2=SO2−+C6H5NO2, ΔG°=−30±02 kcal/mol Pulsed ICR bracketing experiments support the following electron affinity values: EA(SO2)=22±01 eV and EA(C6H5NO2)=21±01 eV

Thermal decomposition of peroxydisulfate in aqueous solution of benzene-nitrobenzene-benzonitrile mixtures. Formation of OH radicals from benzene radical cations and water at room temperature

Abstract: The thermal decomposition of Na/sub 2/S/sub 2/O/sub 8/ in aqueous solutions of benzene and nitrobenzene at 80/sup 0/C, 40/sup 0/C, and room temperature gives phenol, biphenyl, and o- and p-nitrophenol. In the absence of benzene no nitrophenols were formed under otherwise identical conditions. We have previously suggested a dissociation of the intermediate hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals to OH radical and benzene. On the basis of the kinetics of the reactions involved and the E/sub a/ and A values for the dissociation of hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals, we have estimated that under our reaction conditions even at room temperature a considerable fraction of the hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals dissociates to OH radicals and benzene. In addition to nitrobenzene we have used benzonitrile as a scavenger for OH radicals. The results of competition experiments between benzene, nitrobenzene, and benzonitrile are consistent with the formation of free OH radicals.

Solute-Solvent Interactions in Ion Pair Extraction of Tetraalkylammonium Iodides. II. The Effect of Hydration of Iodide in Organic Solvents on the Extraction Constant

Abstract: Solubilities of tetraalkylammonium iodides Et4NI, Pr4NI, and Bu4NI in nitrobenzene, in water, and in their mutually saturated solvents, and of Pr4NI in 1,1-dichloroethane and in its water saturated solvent were measured at 25 °C. Conductances of Et4NI, Pr4NI, and Bu4NI in nitrobenzene and Bu4NI in 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and dichloromethane have also been measured at 25 °C. A small amount of water in organic solvents increases the solubilities of the salts roughly twice those in pure solvents and decreases the association constants around 15% while a small amount of organic solvent in water gives a slight effect. Effects of mutual saturation of water and organic solvent on extraction equilibria of R4NI were discussed in terms of the selective hydration of the iodide.

Über die Umsetzung von Carbazolylkalium mit 9‐Bromanthracen und Nitrobenzol

Abstract: Reaction of Carbazolylpotassium with 9-Bromoanthracene and Nitrobenzene The formation of 9-(9-anthryl)carbazole (5) and 9-(2-nitrophenyl)anthracene (6) from 9-bromoanthracene (4), carbazole and nitrobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate and catalytic amounts of copper is explained with the assumption of a trans-metallation equilibrium between carbazolylpotassium and nitrobenzene

Production of aromatic compound with chlorinated nuleus

Abstract: PURPOSE: The chlorination, preferably polychlorination of an aromatic compound is effected using a solvent consisting of chlorosulfonic acid and carbon tetrachloride to produce an aromatic compound chlorinated on its nucleus under mild conditions economically in high purity and high yield. CONSTITUTION: The chlorination of a compound with aromatic rings, especially an aromatic compound with easily releasable substituents such as terephthaloyl dichloride or nitrobenzene is carried out using a solvent consisting of chlorosulfonic acid and carbon tetrachloride to produce a nucleus-chlorinated aromatic compound such as 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthaloyl chloride or pentachloronitrobenzene. The present process chlorinates an aromatic compound with easily releasable substituents without their elimination. The volume ratio of chlorosulfonic acid to carbon tetrachloride is 10/90W90/10, preferably 30/70W60/40. COPYRIGHT: (C)1983,JPO&Japio

Preparation of 2-acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare the titled compound by acetylating 2-methoxynaphthalene with acetyl chloride under controlled ratio of aluminum chloride used as a catalyst to 2-methoxynaphthalene at a specific aging reaction temperature. CONSTITUTION: 2-Acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene is prepared by reacting 2-methoxynaphthalene with acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride in an organic solvent (preferably nitrobenzene). In the above reaction, 1.1W1.2mol, preferably 1.15W1.2mol of aluminum chloride is used as a catalyst based on 1mol of 2-methoxynaphthalene, and the aging reaction is carried out at 40±5°C, preferably 40±2°C for 10W30hr, preferably 15W25hr. Although the separate setting of the molar ratio and the aging reaction temperature at the above values is effective to improve the conversion, the combination of the molar ratio and the reaction temperature gives the synergistic effect. USE: A raw material of an antiphlogistic and analgesic agent. COPYRIGHT: (C)1984,JPO&Japio

Molecular motion of micellar solutes. A carbon-13 NMR relaxation study

Abstract: A series of simple NMR relaxation experiments have been performed on nitrobenzene and aniline dissolved in the ionic detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Using /sup 13/C relaxation rates at various molecular sites, and comparing data obtained in organic media with those for micellar solutions, the viscosity at the solubilization site was estimated and a detailed picture of motional restrictions imposed by the micellar enviroment was derived. Viscosities of 8 to 17 cp indicate a rather fluid environment for solubilized nitrobenzene; both additives exhibit altered motional preferences in CTAB solutions only. As an aid in interpretation of the NMR data, quasi-elastic light scattering and other physical techniques have been used to evaluate the influence of organic solutes on micellar size and shape. The NMR methods are examined critically in terms of their general usefulness for studies of solubilization in detergent mice

Preparation of 1-alkyl-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzene-4-sulfonic acids

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R is alkyl, by sulfonation, chlorination and nitration starting from an alkylbenzene, wherein the alkylbenzene is sulfonated with from 2.5 to 3, preferably from 2.65 to 2.75, moles of concentrated sulfuric acid per mole of alkylbenzene, the reaction product is then reacted with from about 1.1 to 1.3 moles of chlorine in the absence of a catalyst, the product is subsequently nitrated with highly concentrated nitric acid at elevated temperatures and the nitro compound is isolated.