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Nitrobenzene

About: Nitrobenzene is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5285 publications have been published within this topic receiving 83368 citations. The topic is also known as: essence of mirbane & nitrobenzol.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzene, aniline, and nitrobenzene at a Raney nickel powder cathode was investigated at a single phase electrolyte consisting of t-butanol, water, and a hydrotropic salt, either sodium or tetraethylammoniump-toluenesulphonate (TEATS).
Abstract: The electrocatalytic hydrogenation of benzene, aniline, and nitrobenzene was investigated at a Raney nickel powder cathode. The single phase electrolyte consisted of t-butanol, water, and a hydrotropic salt, either sodium or tetraethylammoniump-toluenesulphonate (TEATS). The hydrogenation of benzene was achieved only in the latter case; the only product detected was cyclohexane. The highest current efficiency (73%) was obtained at 50° C, 1.0m benzene, 2.5m TEATS, and at an apparent current density of 4.0 mA cm−2. Aniline was electrocatalytically hydrogenated to cyclohexylamine only in the presence of a quaternary ammonium ion supporting electrolyte (containing either Br− orp-toluenesulphonate anions), with product current efficiencies of ∼40%. When nitrobenzene was hydrogenated with a sodiump-toluenesulphonate supporting electrolyte, only nitro group reduction was observed. When the supporting electrolyte was TEATS, both nitro group reduction and aromatic ring hydrogenation occurred.

35 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the photocatalytic efficiency of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) composites with respect to bacteriophage MS2 inactivation, nitrobenzene degradation, and redox species production under UV-A irradiation.

35 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, Ag-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allyl acetic acid) hybrid microgels were synthesized in aqueous medium by free radical emulsion polymerization.
Abstract: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allyl acetic acid) [p(NIPAM-co-AAAc)] microgels were synthesized in aqueous medium by free radical emulsion polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide as monomer, allylacetic acid as comonomer, and N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide as cross-linker. Silver nanoparticles were fabricated inside the microgels by in situ reduction of silver ions. Microgels were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and DLS. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy. UV-visible spectra of the Ag-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allyl acetic acid) hybrid microgels showed a prominent absorption peak at about 411 nm. This peak was due to the surface plasmon resonance effect of silver nanoparticles. The hybrid microgels were used as catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes. The reduction reactions were found to be first order with respect to nitroarenes with the values of apparent rate constant (k$_{app})$ equal to 0.248, 0.215, and 0.089 min$^{-1}$ for 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitroaniline, and nitrobenzene respectively at 27 $^{\circ}$C in aqueous medium. Silver nanoparticles were found to be a more effective and efficient catalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitroaniline as compared to nitrobenzene.

35 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) containing the cavities compatible with nitrobenzene molecules was synthesized using methacrylic acid and vinyl benzene as the functional monomers.
Abstract: A novel graphene-based chemiresistor gas sensor was introduced for nitrobenzene vapor detection. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) containing the cavities compatible with nitrobenzene molecules was synthesized using methacrylic acid and vinyl benzene as the functional monomers. The imprinted polymeric particles were mixed with graphene to produce a nanocomposite chemiresistor gas sensor. The presence of graphite alongside graphene in the nanocomposite was found to be necessary to achieve a proper difference between the MIP and non-imprinted polymer (NIP)-based sensors. It was found that the addition of poly(methyl methacrylate) in the nanocomposite composition led to better physical durability, enhanced selectivity and higher resistance against humidity effect. Central composite experimental design was utilized to optimize the sensor influencing parameters. The response of the prepared sensor was reversible and a relative standard error equal to 3.5% was obtained for 3 separate determinations. The sensor showed linear response in the concentration range of 0.50–60.0 ppm. The detection limit was calculated to be 0.2 parts per million (S/N).

35 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane containing iron (Fe0) particles was developed and tested as a model barrier for contaminant containment, which can increase the breakthrough lag time for Cu2+ and carbon tetrachloride by more than 100 times.
Abstract: A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane containing iron (Fe0) particles was developed and tested as a model barrier for contaminant containment. Carbon tetrachloride, copper (Cu2+), nitrobenzene, 4-nitroacetophenone, and chromate (CrO42-) were selected as model contaminants. Compared with a pure PVA membrane, the Fe0/PVA membrane can increase the breakthrough lag time for Cu2+ and carbon tetrachloride by more than 100-fold. The increase in the lag time was smaller for nitrobenzene and 4-nitroacetophenone, which stoichiometrically require more iron and for which the PVA membrane has a higher permeability. The effect of Fe0 was even smaller for CrO42- because of its slow reaction. Forty-five percent of the iron, based on the content in the dry membrane prior to hydration, was consumed by reaction with Cu2+ and 15% by reaction with carbon tetrachloride. Similarly, 25%, 17%, and 6% of the iron was consumed by nitrobenzene, 4-nitroacetophenone, and CrO42-, respectively. These percentages approximately double when...

35 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023171
2022342
2021123
2020129
2019123
2018146